Computer Fundamentals 计算机基础知识
Apple computers have become very popular with students, particularly at international schools in China; however, most national exams and business still use Windows. Therefore, it is very important that students develop transferable computer skills and are competent using any operating platform. The following overview provides students with the most important concepts, shortcuts, and commands that every student should know.
熟知电脑技能和操作系统是极其重要的，下面这些有用的计算机概念、快捷方式及指令是每个学生都应掌握的。
Table 1: The Home-screen 主屏幕
| English | 中文 | Definition | 定义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Task Bar | 工具栏 | A special toolbar that is located on one edge of the desktop. By default the Task Bar is located at the bottom of the Desktop. The Task Bar includes the Start Button, a button for each open program window, and an area which indicates important computer information. | 一个特殊的工具栏，位于桌面的边缘。在默认情况下，任务栏位于桌面的底部。任务栏包含“开始”按钮，已经打开的应用程序的按钮，以及重要信息通知区域。 |
| Start Button | 开始按钮 | The Start button allows users to access the computer programs or configure Microsoft Windows. By default, the Windows Start button has always been found in the bottom left-hand part of the screen. | “开始”按钮允许用户访问计算机程序或设置Microsoft Windows。在默认情况下，Windows的“开始”按钮一直位于屏幕底部左侧。 |
| Desktop | 桌面 | The visual work area that fills the screen. The desktop is also an area that can be used to place objects stored in the computer system such as files. | 屏幕可视区域。“桌面”也可存储文件。 |
Table 2: User Interface 用户界面
| English | 中文 | Definition | 定义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| active window | 活动窗口 | The window in which a user is currently working. An active window is typically on top of other windows, and is distinguished by the color of its title bar. Inactive windows usually become grey. | 用户正在操作的窗口。活动窗口通常覆盖于其它窗口之上，特征是其标题栏的颜色。非活动窗口通常为灰色。 |
| cursor | 光标 | The visible indication of where a user’s computer mouse is pointing. | 用来指示鼠标位置。 |
| menu | 菜单 | A list of choices which a user can choose from. | 用户可以选择的列表。 |
| menu bar | 菜单栏 | A horizontal bar at the top of a window that contains menu options. | 一列水平菜单栏，位于窗口的顶部，其中包含各个菜单。 |
| message box | 消息框 | A secondary window that is displayed to inform a user about important information. Messages will often ask the user for conformation that they want to continue with a task. | 显示于桌面上的第二个窗口，用于通知重要信息。消息会提示用户是否继续当前任务。 |
| Tool Tip | 工具信息提示栏 | Tool Tips are messages that give additional information to help the user. Programs or websites that have tool tips will show the information if the user hovers the cursor over an item for over 2 seconds. | “工具信息提示栏”将为用户提供更多的信息。 如果用户将光标悬停在某个项目上的时间超过2秒， 具有工具栏信息提示栏的程序或网站将显示相关信息。 |
| Window | 窗口 | a window is a visual area containing some kind of user interface. It usually has a rectangular shape. Windows can overlap other windows. | “窗口”是一个包含某种类型的用户界面，可视区域，通常为矩形。，且各个窗口可以相互重叠。 |
Table 3: Windows Shortcuts 重要的键盘快捷方式
| Shortcut | English | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| Ctrl + C | Copy | 复制 |
| Ctrl + X | Cut | 剪切 |
| Ctrl + V | Paste | 粘贴 |
| Ctrl + Z | Undo | 撤销 |
| Ctrl + A | Select All | 全选 |
| Ctrl | Select multiple items when using the computer mouse to click on each item that the user wants to select. | 多项选择，可以电脑鼠标移动到用户想要选择的项目上，选择一个或多个文件。 |
| Ctrl + Shift | Switch between Chinese and Roman Alphabet. | 用于中文输入法和英文输入之间的转换。 |
| Alt + F4 | Close Window | 关闭当前窗口 |
| Alt + Tab | Switch Program Window | 窗口切换 |
| Back Space | < Deletes the letter to the left of the cursor | 删除光标左侧的字母 |
| Delete | > Deletes the letter to the right of the cursor | 删除光标右侧的字母 |
| Shift | Makes a letter capitalized while you hold the “Shift” key. | 按住“shift”键，将字母转换成大写形式 |
| Cap Locks | Makes every letter CAPITALIZED until switched off. When typing in Pinyin “Cap Locks” allows you to type using the Roman Alphabet. | 将每个字母转换成大写形式直到再次按下该键。当用拼音输入时，按下该键可以让你用英文模式输入。 |
| Ctrl + Alt + Delete | Lock Computer, Change User, Log Out, Change Password, Task Manager. | 用于锁定帐户、更换用户、注销、更改密码、打开任务管理器。 |
Table 4: Important Commands 重要的计算机指令
| English | 中文 | Definition | 定义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| File > Save As | 文件 > 另存为 | To save a file for the first time. You should save your work as soon as your start. | 首次保存文件。 记得保存文件以免丢失。 |
| File > Save | 文件 > 保存 | To save updates made to a file that has already been saved. You should save updates to your work every 5 minutes. | 在已经保存的文件基础上，每次更新都应该保存。 每5分钟，你应该保存一下文件。 |
| File > Open | 文件 > 打开 | Allows you to continue working on a document that has already been saved and closed. You started a project in one class and need to finish it in another class. | 此项指令允许你在已经打开及关闭保存的文件上继续工作。 |
| Edit > Copy | 编辑 > 复制 | Allows you to select an item to move to a new spot. The “Copy” command will also leave the original item in its original spot. | 此项指令允许你选择一个部分并移动到一个新的地方。“复制”命令会在原来的地方保留这个项目。 |
| Edit > Cut | 编辑 > 剪切 | Allows you to select an item and move to a new spot. The “CUT” command will remove the item for its original spot and move it to the new location when “Pasted”. | 此项指令允许你选择一个项目并移动到一个新的地方。“剪切”命令将删除该部分原来的内容，“粘贴” 后将该部分移动到新位置上。 |
| Edit > Paste | 编辑 > 粘贴 | Allows you to place an item you have “Copied” or “Cut” in a new spot. | 此项指令允许你将项目“复制”或“剪切”在一个新的地方。 |
| Edit > Select All | 编辑 > 全选 | Used when there are many things that need to be copied. “Select All” makes it easier to copy or cut all items when using the “COPY” or “CUT” commands. | 此项指令使用时，表示有很多东西需要被复制。使用“复制”或“剪切”指令时，“全选”指令，将更容易地复制或削减所有项目时。 |
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