Calculating Loans 计算贷款
Many people will get a loan from a bank to buy expensive items such as a house or car. People also take out loans pay for University education so they can get a better job, while others may use a loan to pay for a wedding.
很多人在购买高价物品如房和车时会从银行贷款，有些人为上大学找好工作来贷款，还有人为结婚贷款。
Regardless of the reason you need a loan the money must be paid back to the “Lender”. Most people usually borrow money from a Bank. However the bank does not lend you the money for free, they charge “interest” on every loan.
不论你是因为什么原因来贷款最终你还得把钱还给“贷方”。大部分人都是从银行贷款。但是银行并不是免费借钱给你，每一笔贷款都是有“利息”的。
The Bank is called the “Lender”, while the person who needs the loan is the “Borrower”. When you are given the money it is considered a “debt”. You will be given a specific amount of time which you must pay the money back, this is called a loan “term”, and is usually a period of several years. The “Borrower” will be required to make regular payments to the “Lender”.
银行称为“贷方”，而需要贷款的人称为“借方”。当你被给钱时就成为一笔“债务”。而你必须在一个特定的期限内把钱还清，这个期限称为“借款期限”，通常是几年。“借方”要求定期支付给“贷方”一定的款额。
There are two types of debt: “Good Debt” and “Bad Debt”. A good debt is considered to be debt that is acquired to purchase an asset. An example of “Good Debt” is the purchase of a house or apartment. Although the “borrower” owes a large amount of money for their home, they own an “asset” which they could sell. Most “assets” such as property or investments usually increase in value over time. “Bad Debt” is any debt that is acquired by a lender that can not be recovered. “Bad Debt” would include borrowing money for a vacation where no assets are purchased. Purchasing a car would also be considered to be a “Bad Debt”, because the value of a new car decreases rapidly in value after it has been purchased.
有两种类型的“债务”：“好帐”和“坏账”。好帐指能用来购买资产的债务，典型的例子是用来购买住房或公寓的债务。尽管“借方”为买房欠了一大笔债，但是他们拥有了一笔能出售的资产。大多数像不动产或投资类的资产都会随着时间的流逝而增值。“坏账”指贷方无法收回的应收款项，比如为度假而贷的债务因为这不能购买任何资产。买车的债务也被认为是“坏账”，因为新车一旦售出其价值会陡然下跌。
When calculating loans we need to know:
在计算贷款之前需要知道：
- P = Principle Amount (the amount of money that is borrowed) 本金（借的钱）
- r = Annual Interest Rate 年利率
- t = Term length in years 贷款年限
- n = Number of times interested is compounded a year 年利率次数
The formula for calculating how much will be paid during the life of a loan is:
在贷款期限内计算贷款金额的公式是：
“Accumulated Total” = “Principle” X “the formula for Compound Interest”
“累计总和” = “本金” X “复利的公式”
How much does it really cost you to buy something you want with a loan? Many people never think about how much they will pay for something after every payment has been made. In this project we are going to make a loan calculator and find out how much things really cost when you borrow money to buy them.
但是当你真正想买你想要的东西时你要贷多少款呢？很多人在每次付完小额款项后还是对自己所购买的东西花了多少钱一无所知。那么今天在这个设计里我们会制作一个贷款计算器来计算到底借了多少钱来购买所想要的东西。
Before the market crashed in America many people could get approved for large loans with a low interest rate. However people were spending much more than they could afford.
早些时候在美国市场崩溃之前，很多人完全可以通过很低的利率来获得大额贷款，但是人们花的钱远远超过了他们的支付能力。
Cars are a big part of the American and a necessity for many people in their daily lives. When the market collapsed in 2006 it became much harder to get a loan, and the interest rates much higher.
汽车是美国的一个重要部分，同时也是人们日常生活中不可或缺的。2006年市场崩溃时，贷款变得相当的难，而且利率也大幅上升。
Try this example: before 2006 many car loans were only 3% and amortized over 5 years. Then after 2006 interest rates went as high as 17% in America for a car loan.
比如：在2006年之前，美国许多汽车贷款只有3%且可以分5年偿还，而2006年之后汽车贷款利率高达17%。
- Row 1: leave Blank
第1行：空白 - Row 2: Merge Cells B-E, then type the title
第2行：合并B-E栏，并输入标题 - Row 3: Leave Blank
第3行：空白 - Column B: Row 4-8 type the English Terms
B栏：第4-8行输入英语术语 - Column C: Row 4-8 type the Chinese Terms
C栏：第4-8行输入中文术语 - Column D: Row 4-8 type the letters which describe the formula
D栏：第4-8行输入在公式中使用的字母 - Row 1-9, Column A to F: Format the same as the example
第1-9行，A到F栏：按照例子设计 - Row 10-11: leave Blank
第10-11行：空白 - Row 12-16, Column D to F: format the same as the example
第12-16行，D到F栏：按照例子设计 - Calculate the “Accumulated Total with Interest” using the formula A=P*(1+r/n)^(n*t)
使用公式 A=P*(1+r/n)^(n*t) 来计算“加上利息后的总金额”- You will need to reference the correct cells when typing this formula. Your formula will look like this example when completed.
- 在输入该公式时要注意对入正确的单元格。 当输入完成之后将如下面例子所示。
=‘E4’*(1+‘E5’/‘E7’)^(‘E7’*‘E6’)
In class assignment: Use the loan calculator you made to answer the following questions.
课堂作业：用你制作的贷款计算器来回答下列问题。
- If you were to buy the average car for $24,000 American dollars how much would you have paid with interest for the car before the market crashed in 2006?
如果你想买一辆价值$24,000的普通车，那么在2006年市场崩溃之前你支付了多少利率？ - How much would you have to pay with interest if you bought it after the market crashed?
如果在市场崩溃之后买，那么连带利率总共你需要支付多少钱？
Research Activity
研究活动
- Find an apartment complex that you like. What is its name? Where is it?
选取一个你喜欢的楼盘，叫什么名字？在哪里？ - 4. How big is one of the apartment models you like? and home much is it per m2 ?
你喜欢的房型是多大的？每平方米多少钱？ - Find a bank that offers mortgages (loan for a home). What bank is it?
找一家提供住房贷款的银行。是哪家银行？ - What is the interest rate, and how many years is the mortgage?
贷款利率是多少？贷款年限是多少？ - How much will the apartment you like cost to buy? How much interest will you pay?
你喜欢的公寓多少钱？你要支付多少利息？ - Write about what you have learned about borrowing money. Does it cost more than you thought to purchase a car or home if you need to borrow money? What can you do to avoid paying interest to a money lender? What can you do to prevent accruing bad debt?
写一写关于贷款你学到了什么。是不是比你想象中的贷款买车买房要多？为了避免给贷方利息可以怎么做？为了避免坏账你可以怎么做？