Irregular Verbs 不规则动词
There are many ways to classify verbs. For example verbs can be classified as either ‘action’ or ‘linking’ verbs, but we can also clarify verbs as being either ‘regular’ or ‘irregular’ verbs. But what is the difference between ‘regular’ or ‘irregular’ verbs?
动词的分类有很多种方法，可以分为“动作动词”和“系动词”，也可以分为“规则动词”和“不规则动词”。“规则动词”和“不规则动词”之间有什么区别呢？
Usually when verbs are conjugated either ‘-ed/-d’ or ‘-ing’ is added to the end of the verb to create to the the desired verb form. These include the ‘present’, ‘present participle’, ‘past’, and ‘past participle’ verb forms; however, these rules only apply to ‘regular verbs’. ‘Irregular’ verbs are conjugated in a very different way.
通常，一个动词变形时如果能遵循一定的变形规则，比如在动词后面直接加‘-ed/-d’ 或’-ing’，我们把这些动词称之为规则动词。如果在变形时没有一定的规则，则称之为不规则动词。
For example the ending ‘-ed’ is added to the verb ‘look’ to create the past form and the ending ‘-ing’ is added to create the ‘present participle’; however adding the endings ‘-ed/-d’ and ‘-ing’ can only be used to conjugate ‘regular’ verbs. Irregular verbs have very different forms for the ‘present’, ‘present participle’, ’past’, and ‘past participles’. For example the verb ‘do’ changes to ‘doing’, ’did’ and ‘done’
例如：直接在“look”后面加-ed变成其过去时，加-ing变成其现在分词。而“do”的变形则完全不一样，其现在分词时doing，过去式是did，过去分词是done。
‘Regular’ and ‘Irregular’ Verb Comparison ”规则“和“不规则”动词的比较
| Verb 动词 | Present Participle 现在分词 | Past 过去式 | Past Participle 过去分词 | |
| Regular Verb 规则动词 | look | (am/is/are) looking | looked | (have/has/had) looked |
| Irregular verb 不规则动词 | do | (am/is/are) doing | did | (have/has/had) done |
Changing An Irregular Verb’s Form 不规则动词变化形式
Just like ‘regular’ verbs, ‘irregular’ verbs also need the addition of an ‘auxiliary verb’ to create either the ‘present’ or ‘past participles’; however changing remainder of the verb’s form is not as simple as just adding ‘-ed/-d’ or ‘ing’ to the end of the verb. The spelling of ‘irregular’ verb can change significantly when the verbs form is changed. Look at the examples below:
就像“规则”动词变形一样，“不规则”动词也需要“助动词的帮助。不规则动词的变形由于没有任何规律可循，所以变换起来会很复杂。请看下例:
Regular Verb Example 规则动词的例子
(Present) – I can look at my homework now.
(Present Particle) – I am looking at my homework.
(Past) – I looked at my homework.
(Past Participle) – I have lookedat my homework already.
Irregular Verb Example 不规则动词的例子
(Present) – I can do my homework now.
(Present Particle) – I am doing my homework
(Past) – I did my homework.
(Past Participle) – I have done my homework already.
So how do you know what the proper spelling of an ‘irregular’ verb is? Are there any rules on how to conjugate ‘irregular’ verbs? Unfortunately there are no easy tricks to learn ‘irregular’ verb forms. You just have to learn and memorize the different ‘irregular’ verb forms.
那么怎么给不规则动词变形呢？既然没有规律可循，那就只有努力记住不规则动词的各种变化形式。
An Exceptional ‘Irregular Verb’ 一个特殊的不规则动词
The verb ‘read’ is a very exceptional ‘irregular verb’. The verb ‘read’ has the same spelling in its ‘present’, ‘past’, and ‘past particle’ forms; however the pronunciation of the word changes even though the spelling dose not. This is because the verb ‘read’ is also a ‘heteronym’. A ‘heteronym’ is a word that has the same spelling but different pronunciations.
动词“read”是一个特殊的“不规则”动词，其原形、过去式和过去分词拼写都相同，但是读音却不同。也就是说“read’这个词是我们之前学过的“同形异音词”。
| Verb | IPA | Chinese | Past Simple | Past Participle |
| read | /riːd/ | 读 | read | read |
Example 例子
The correct pronunciation of the verb ‘read’ is indicated using ‘IPA’ in the sentences below.
运用国际音标法正确读出下面句子中read的发音。
(Present) – I can read/riːd/ this book.
(Past) – I read/red/ that book last week.
(Past Participle) – I have read/red/ this book already.
Conjugating Irregular Verbs 不规则动词变形
The spelling of some ‘irregular’ verbs dose not change regardless of how the verb is used. The verbs ‘present’, ’past’, and ‘past participle’ are exactly the same.
下表中的词是原形、过去式和过去分词拼写都一样的情况。
Irregular Verbs That Have Identical Forms 不规则动词（形式相同）
| # | Verb | IPA | Chinese | Past Simple | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cost | /kɒst/ | cost | cost | |
| 2 | cut | /kʌt/ | cut | cut | |
| 3 | hit | /hɪt/ | hit | hit | |
| 4 | hurt | /hɜːt/ | hurt | hurt | |
| 5 | let | /let/ | let | let | |
| 6 | put | /pʊt/ | put | put | |
| 7 | set | /set/ | set | set | |
| 8 | shut | /ʃʌt/ | shut | shut |
Conjugating Verb Activity 动词变形活动
Using a dictionary determine the correct spelling for all the different verb forms for the ‘irregular verbs’ in this activity. The verbs in this activity have been divided into two different groupings to make it easier for you.
使用字典给下列两组不规则动词进行正确的变形。
Irregular Verbs That Have Different Forms 不规则动词（形式不同）
| # | Verb | IPS | Chinese | Past & Past Participle (Identical) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bring | /brɪŋ/ | ||
| 2 | build | /bɪld/ | ||
| 3 | burn | /bɜːn/ | ||
| 4 | buy | /baɪ/ | ||
| 5 | catch | /kætʃ/ | ||
| 6 | feel | /fiːl/ | ||
| 7 | fight | /faɪt/ | ||
| 8 | find | /faɪnd/ | ||
| 9 | get | /ɡet/ | ||
| 10 | hang | /hæŋ/ | ||
| 11 | have | /hæv/ | ||
| 12 | hear | /hɪə/ | ||
| 13 | hold | /həʊld/ | ||
| 14 | keep | /kiːp/ | ||
| 15 | lead | /led/ | ||
| 16 | leave | /liːv/ | ||
| 17 | lend | /lend/ | ||
| 18 | lose | /luːz/ | ||
| 19 | make | /meɪk/ | ||
| 20 | mean | /miːn/ | ||
| 21 | meet | /miːt/ | ||
| 22 | pay | /peɪ/ | ||
| 23 | say | /seɪ/ | ||
| 24 | sell | /sel/ | ||
| 25 | send | /send/ | ||
| 26 | shoot | /ʃuːt/ | ||
| 27 | sit | /sɪt/ | ||
| 28 | sleep | /sliːp/ | ||
| 29 | spend | /spend/ | ||
| 30 | stand | /stænd/ | ||
| 31 | stick | /stɪk/ | ||
| 32 | teach | /tiːtʃ/ | ||
| 33 | tell | /tel/ | ||
| 34 | think | /θɪŋk/ | ||
| 35 | win | /wɪn/ |
Irregular Verbs That Have Multiple Forms 不规则动词（多种形式）
| # | Verb | IPA | Chinese | Past Simple | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | /biː/ | |||
| 2 | bear | /beə/ | |||
| 3 | beat | /biːt/ | |||
| 4 | begin | /bɪˈɡɪn/ | |||
| 5 | bite | /baɪt/ | |||
| 6 | blow | /bləʊ/ | |||
| 7 | break | /breɪk/ | |||
| 8 | choose | /tʃuːz/ | |||
| 9 | come | /kʌm/ | |||
| 10 | do | /duː/ | |||
| 11 | draw | /drɔː/ | |||
| 12 | dream | /driːm/ | |||
| 13 | drink | /drɪŋk/ | |||
| 14 | drive | /draɪv/ | |||
| 15 | eat | /iːt/ | |||
| 16 | fall | /fɔːl/ | |||
| 17 | fly | /flaɪ/ | |||
| 18 | forget | /fəˈɡet/ | |||
| 19 | freeze | /friːz/ | |||
| 20 | go | /ɡəʊ/ | |||
| 21 | grow | /ɡrəʊ/ | |||
| 22 | hide | /haɪd/ | |||
| 23 | know | /nəʊ/ | |||
| 24 | learn | /lɜːn/ | |||
| 25 | lie | /laɪ/ | |||
| 26 | ride | /raɪd/ | |||
| 27 | ring | /rɪŋ/ | |||
| 28 | rise | /raɪz/ | |||
| 29 | run | /rʌn/ | |||
| 30 | see | /siː/ | |||
| 31 | show | /ʃəʊ/ | |||
| 32 | sing | /sɪŋ/ | |||
| 33 | smell | /smel/ | |||
| 34 | speak | /spiːk/ | |||
| 35 | steal | /stiːl/ | |||
| 36 | swim | /swɪm/ | |||
| 37 | take | /teɪk/ | |||
| 38 | throw | /θrəʊ/ | |||
| 39 | wake | /weɪk/ | |||
| 40 | wear | /weə/ | |||
| 41 | write | /raɪt/ |