Verb Forms Part 2 动词形式2
Review: English has 4 main verb forms: base form, past form, present participle, and past participle. But what is a ‘participle’? A ‘participle’ is a form of a verb that is used in a sentence to modify a noun, noun phrase, verb, or verb phrase.
复习：动词有四种形态：原形，过去式，现在分词和过去分词。什么是“分词”？ “分词”是动词的一种形态，在句子中用来修饰名词、名词短语、动词或动词短语。
English grammar is very complex, especially when it comes to conjugating verbs. When changing a verbs form the remainder of the sentence will also need to change slightly to accommodate the new form of the verb. For example both the ‘past participle’, and the ‘present participle’ require the addition of an auxiliary verb; however other changes to the sentence may also be necessary as well.
英语语法很复杂，尤其是动词的变形。一个句子中如果动词改变形式，那么句子中的其它成分也需要进行相对应的变动。例如：“过去分词”和“现在分词”需要变动助动词的形式。
Introduction to Auxiliary Verbs 助动词
Sometimes a verb cannot be properly modified to represent a specified ‘verb form’ without the addition of an ‘auxiliary verb’ (e.g. the word ‘look’ needs the addition of the auxiliary verb ‘will’ to indicate that the action takes place in the future).
英语中有一类词称为助动词，用来辅助句子中的主要动词。（如：单词“look”需要住动词“will”来表示将来。 ）
Auxiliary Verb /ɔːɡˈzɪljərɪ vɜːb/ 助动词 /zhùdòngcí/
An auxiliary verb adds functional or grammatical meaning to the clause that it appears in (e.g an auxiliary verb can be added to a verb clause to to express tense). Auxiliary verbs usually accompany a main verb.
辅助动词可以体现一个句子的作用或语法意义（例如，辅助动词有时可以表明句子的时态）。 辅助动词通常伴有主要动词。
Conjugating Verbs 动词变形
| Principal Part 形式 | Explanation 说明 | Example 例子 |
| Present 原形 | The verb is not changed | look |
| Present participle 现在分词 | Add ‘-ing’ and is use after the words: (am/is/are) | (am/is/are) looking |
| Past 过去式 | Add ‘-ed/-d’ | looked |
| Past Participle 过去分词 | Add ‘-ed/-d’, and is use after the words: (has/have/had) | (has/have/had) looked |
When conjugating verbs it is important to consider how the change to the verbs form may affect the rest of the sentence, or how the other words in the sentence may affect what ‘auxiliary verb’ you use to create either the ‘present participle’ or ‘past participle’ . Look at the example below to see how the entire sentence changes when the verb is conjugated.
动词变形时有时会影响整个句子的变化，其中包括助动词的变化。请看下例：
(Present form) – I can look at your work now.
(Present participle) – I am looking at your work.
(Past form) – I looked at your work.
(Past participle) – I have looked at your work already.
Which ‘auxiliary verb’ you use for the ‘past participle’ and ‘present participle’ will be dictated by what ‘noun’ or ‘pronoun’ is used in the sentence itself. Look at the following example to see how different ‘auxiliary verbs’ are used to conjugate the ‘past participle’ in these two sentences.
句子中的其他词比如主语的变动也对助动词有影响。请看下例：
(Pronoun “I” ) – “I” have looked at your work?
(Pronoun “Who” ) – “Who” has looked at your work?
Conjugating for Different Persons
When conjugating a verb to create the ‘present particle’ the ending of the verb is changed to ‘-ing’ and an ‘auxiliary verb’ is added before the modified verb. There are 3 ‘auxiliary verbs’ that are used when conjugating the ‘present participle’ these are the verbs: ‘am’, ‘is’, and ‘are’. But which ‘auxiliary verb’ should you use and why? That will depend on what subjects used in the sentence, or what ‘person’ the sentence is written in (only ‘pronouns’ have been used as subjects in this lesson). In grammar this refers to if the sentence was written in either the first person, second person, or third person.
现在分词的变动需要在动词后面加-ing，同时需要有一个助动词‘am’, ‘is’和 ‘are’。什么时候用哪一个助动词取决于该句子的主语（通常是名词或代词）。本节课我们主要讨论代词做主语的情况。
English has 6 different ‘persons’: the first person singular (I), second person singular (you), third person singular (he/she/it/one), first person plural (we), second person plural (you) and third person plural (they).
英语中有3种人称，而每种又有单数和复数之分：第一人称单数，第一人称复数，第二人称单数，第二人称复数，第三人称单数，第三人称复数。
When creating the ‘present participle’ different ‘auxiliary verbs’ are needed depending on what ‘person’ the sentence was written in. Look at the examples bellow to see how to properly conjugate based on the different pronouns that are used.
在变动现在分词时需要注意运用正确的助动词。请看下表：
Conjugating The Present Particle 现在分词变形
| Person – 人称 | Pronoun 代词 | Auxiliary Verb 助动词 | Example Usage 用法示例 |
| First Person 第一人称 | I | am | I am looking… |
| Second Person 第二人称 | You | are | You are looking… |
| Third Person 第三人称 | He / She / It | is | He / she / it is looking… |
| First Person Plural 第一人称（复数） | We | are | We are looking… |
| Second Person Plural 第二人称（复数） | You | are | You are looking… |
| Third Person Plural 第三人称（复数） | They | are | They are looking… |
Conjugating a verb to create the ‘past particle’ is done in almost the same way as the ‘present participle’; however the ending of the verb is changed to ‘-ed/-d’ instead and different ‘auxiliary verbs’ are used. There are 3 ‘auxiliary verbs’ that are used when conjugating the ‘past participle’ these are the verbs: ‘has’, ‘have’, and ‘had’.
过去分词的变动方法和现在分词很相似，只是在动词后面加’-ed/-d’并用一个助动词，即has, have 和 had。
Conjugating The Past Particle 过去分词变形
| Person – 人称 | Pronoun 代词 | Auxiliary Verb 助动词 | Example Usage 用法示例 |
| First Person 第一人称 | I | have | I have looked… |
| Second Person 第二人称 | You | have | You have looked… |
| Third Person 第三人称 | He / She / It | has | He / she / it has looked… |
| First Person Plural 第一人称（复数） | We | have | We have looked… |
| Second Person Plural 第二人称（复数） | You | have | You have looked… |
| Third Person Plural 第三人称（复数） | They | have | They havelooked… |