Introduction to True Homonyms 同形同音异义词介绍
Sometimes the term homonym is used to generalize several different exceptional word types in English. For instance some authors will use the term broadly to refer to homographs (words that are spelt the same way) or for homophones (words that are pronounced the same way); however in this lesson we will use the term homonym in the strictest sense of the word. Sometimes you will also see the phrase true homonyms to indicate the strict use of the term Homonym.
英语中的homonyms一词可指几种不同类型的词，可以是homographs即同形异义词，也可以是homophones即同音异义词。而在本课中我们将学习homonyms在最严格情况下的用法即同形同音异义词，或称之为真正的同形同音异义词。
True homonyms are words that are both spelt and pronounced exactly the same, but they have completely different meanings.
同形同音异义词是指拼写和发音都相同而意思不同的词。
Please refer to the reference chart below to see the similarities and differences between the different types of exceptional English words (i.e., heterographs, True homonyms, and heteronyms.)
请参考下图集中不同类型词的差异：(异形同音异义词，同形同音异义词，同形异音异义词)
This lesson includes a list of 40 common True homonyms that you will likely see used in your other classes; however to understand the difference between different homonyms it is important to understand the 9 parts of speech (POS) in English. In many cases the different meaning and usage of the various homonyms are as either a noun and a verb; however you will also see several homonyms which are classified as either an adjective or adverb as well.
本课将列出40常用的同形同音异义词,要理解同形同音异义词西药要知道英语当中的9大类词性。在很多情况下,词性不同会导致同形同音异义词不同的的意思和用法，有些是名词的动词的区别，有些是形容词和副词的区别。
There are 9 different parts of speech in English (POS). The table below provides a brief overview of all of the different parts of speech (POS) in English and their Chinese translations. A more comprehensive list of the parts of speech (POS) in English which includes definitions and examples for each term can be found on the next page.
英语有9种词性(POS)，如下图所示。更多关于词性的定义和例子在下一页。
Vocabulary 词汇
| Part of Speech | IPA | Chinese | Pinyin |
| Adjectives | /ˈædʒɪktɪvz/ | 形容词 | Xíngróngcí |
| Adverb | /ˈædvɜːb/ | 副词 | Fùcí |
| Articles | /ˈɑːtɪklz/ | 冠词 | Guàn cí |
| Conjunction | /kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən/ | 连词 | Liáncí |
| Interjections | /ˌɪntəˈdʒekʃənz/ | 感叹词 | Gǎntàn cí |
| Noun | /naʊn/ | 名词 | Míngcí |
| Preposition | /ˌprepəˈzɪʃən/ | 介词 | Jiècí |
| Pronoun | /ˈprəʊnaʊn/ | 代词 | Dàicí |
| Verb | /vɜːb/ | 动词 | Dòngcí |
Parts of Speech in English 英语词性
| Part of Speech | Abbreviation | Chinese | Definition |
| Adjectives | adj. | 形容词 | A word or phrase that is used to modify or describe a noun or pronoun (e.g., red, intelligent, strong, etc.). 修饰名词或代词的词或短语(如红的、聪明的、强壮的等)。 |
| Adverb | adv. | 副词 | A word or phrase that describes anything that is not a noun or pronoun (e.g., near, far, now, then, easily, quietly, etc.). 修饰不是名词或代词的词或短语(如近地、远地、现在、然后、容易、静静地等)。 |
| Articles | art. | 冠词 | A words that signals the presence of a noun (e.g., a, an, the). 表示名词存在的信号词。 |
| Conjunction | conj. | 连词 | A word used to connect clauses or sentences together (and, or, but, if, etc.). 用于连接从句或句子的词（和，或，但是，如果等)。 |
| Interjections | interj. | 感叹语 | A word that expresses a strong emotion. Strong interjections are followed by an exclamation point while mild interjections are followed by a comma (e.g., Hey! Wow! Oh, I think I’ve got it.). 表达强烈情感的词。强烈的感叹词通常会接感叹号，温和的感叹词会接逗号(如嘿！哇！哦，我想我懂了。)。 |
| Noun | n. | 名词 | A noun is a word the describes a person, place, thing, or idea (e.g., student, Beijing, book, etc.). 描述一个人，地方，东西或想法的词。(如学生，北京，书等)。 |
| Preposition | prep. | 介词 | A word or phrase that describes the relationship between nouns, pronouns, or other words in a sentence (e.g., He jumped ’over’ the fence; here is a bone ’for’ the dog) – [The preposition is in quotation marks]. 描述一句话中词与词之间关系的词。(例句中的over和for就是介词)。 |
| Pronoun | pron. | 代词 | A word that can function and take the place of a noun (e.g., I, you, he, she, it, they, etc.). 与名词用法相同并可代替名词的词(例如:我,你,他,她,它,他们等)。 |
| Verb | v. | 动词 | A word that is used to describe an action, state of being, or the occurrence of an event (e.g. running, play, reading). 描述动作,状态,或者和事件的发生的词(如跑步、玩、阅读)。 |
Project Instructions 项目说明
Although there are hundreds of homonyms in the English language this lesson will only cover 40 of the most commonly used homonym pairs.
虽然英语中有成百上千的同形同音异义词，但在本课中我们只讲学习其中最常见的40个同形同音异义词。
You will be required to complete the homonym project tables on the following pages. In some cases the Chinese translation has been provided for you and in other cases a sample sentence has been provided instead. You will be required to either: write a sample sentence that demonstrates the correct usage for the specific homonym, or you will need to read the provided sentence and determine what the Chinese translation is for the particular homonym based on the sample sentence.
你需要完成下一里的同形同音异义词任务项目。有些会有中文翻译，有些会提供一个例句。你可选择完成其中一项：写一个例句或写出这个词的中文意思。
Example 例子
| WORD | IPA | Noun | Verb | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| address | /əˈdres/ | 地址 | 称呼 | |
| back | /bæk/ | 背部 | 返回 | |
| bat | /bæt/ | |||
| bear | /beə/ | |||
| board | /bɔːd/ | |||
| book | /bʊk/ | |||
| can | /kæn/ | |||
| change | /tʃeɪndʒ/ | |||
| check | /tʃek/ | |||
| chicken | /ˈtʃɪkɪn/ | |||
| chip | /tʃɪp/ | |||
| cool | /kuːl/ | |||
| crane | /kreɪn/ | |||
| duck | /dʌk/ | |||
| fall | /fɔːl/ | |||
| file | /faɪl/ | |||
| fine | /faɪn/ | |||
| fire | /ˈfaɪə/ | |||
| foot | /fʊt/ | |||
| grave | /ɡreɪv/ | |||
| hail | /heɪl/ | |||
| iron | /ˈaɪən/ | |||
| jam | /dʒæm/ | |||
| letter | /ˈletə/ | |||
| light | /laɪt/ | |||
| match | /mætʃ/ | |||
| may | /meɪ/ | |||
| mole | /məʊl/ | |||
| park | /pɑːk/ | |||
| pitcher | /ˈpɪtʃə/ | |||
| remote | /rɪˈməʊt/ | |||
| rock | /rɒk/ | |||
| seal | /ˈsiːl/ | |||
| sign | /saɪn/ | |||
| sink | /sɪŋk/ | |||
| stall | /stɔːl/ | |||
| tie | /taɪ/ | |||
| trip | /trɪp/ | |||
| well | /wel/ | |||
| yard | /jɑːd/ |