Why We Conjugate Verbs 为什么我们会给动词变形
In English we conjugate verbs in-order to show tense which indicates the time that an action or of the state of being occurred. There are three basic tenses that an action or event can occur in, these include the ‘past’, ‘present’, and ‘future’ tenses.
在英语中我们通过对动词的变形来表现时态即动作或状态的发生时间。有三种基本时态：“过去式”,“现在时”和“将来时”。
Tense /tens/
In grammar, tense is a category that expresses a reference to time. Tenses are usually conveyed by the specific use of the different forms of verbs, particularly in their conjugation patterns.
时态 /shítài/
在语法中，时态是用来表达时间的。 时态通常通过动词的不同形态来表现。
Past Tense 过去时态
Expresses an action or situation that was started and finished in the past.
过去时态:表示一个动作或情况在过去开始并完成。
Present Tense 现在时态
Expresses an unchanging, repeated, or reoccurring action or situation that exists only now. It can also represent a widespread truth.
现在时态:表示一个不变的或重复性的动作或情况当下发生。它也可以表示一个普遍的真理。
Future Tense 将来时态
Expresses an action or situation that will occur in the future.
将来时态:表示一个动作或情况发生在将来。
Verb Tense In English 英语动词时态
In addition to the 3 basic verb tenses in English (past, present, & future) there are 4 different aspects for each tenses. These include the ‘simple’, ‘continuous’, ‘perfect’, and ‘perfect continuous’ variations of each tense. That means that English has a total of 12 different tenses. Look at the Verb Tense diagram below for reference.
除了三个基本动词时态(过去、现在和未来)，每种时态有4种不同的方面，包括“一般时”、“进行时”、“完成时”,“完成进行时”。这样英语基本上有12种时态。请看下表：
The 9 Main Tense 9种主要时态
Although all 12 tenses are used in English, the ‘perfect continues’ aspects of tense are not commonly used; therefore only the ‘simple’, ‘continuous’, and ‘perfect’ forms will be focused on in this lesson.
尽管英语中有12种时态，但其中最常用的有9种。所以这节课主要讲述“一般时”、“进行时”、“完成时”三方面。
The 9 Most Commonly Used Tense In English 9种常用的时态
| Tense 是他 | Simple Forms 一般时 | Continuous Forms 进行时 | Perfect Forms 完成时 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present 现在 | (verb + ‘-es/-s’) I play he/she/it plays They play Note: The verb only changes when the sentence is written in the ‘third person’ singular. | (verb + ‘-ing’) I am playing he/she/it is playing They are playing | have/has (verb +’-ed/-d’) I have played he/she/it has played They have played |
| Past 过去 | (verb + ‘-ed/-d’) I played he/she/it played they played | was/were (verb + ‘-ing’) I was playing he/she/it was playing they were playing | had (verb + ‘-ed/-d’) I had played he/she/it had played they had played |
| Future 未来 | will (verb) I will play he/she/it will play They will play | will be (verb + ‘-ing’) I will be playing he/she/it will be playing They will be playing | will have (verb + ‘-ed/-d’) I will have played he/she/it will have played They will have played |
Simple Tenses 一般时态
Simple Past Tense: indicates that an action has already happened. The ‘Simple Past Tense conjugates the verb using the ‘simple past’ form (e.g. He played basketball last night).
一般过去时：动作过去发生，动词需要用“过去式”。
Simple Present Tense: indicates that an action is happening. The ‘Simple Present Tense’ uses the ‘present’ form of a verb, but if the sentence is written in the third ‘person singular’ the ending ‘-es/-s’ gets added (e.g. He plays basketball every Sunday).
一般现在时：动作现在发生，动词需要用原形，但注意第三人称单数的情况。
Simple Future Tense: indicates that an action will happen. The ‘Simple FutureTense’ uses the auxiliary verb ‘will / be going to’ and the ‘present’ form of a verb (e.g. He will play basketball tomorrow).
一般将来时：动作将来发生，动词需要用助动词will或be going to’加动词原形。
Write Your Own Examples 写出你的例子
Simple Past Tense: ___________________________________________________________________
Simple Past Tense: ___________________________________________________________________
Simple Past Tense: ___________________________________________________________________
Perfect Tenses 完成时态
Past Perfect Tense: indicates that an action happened in the past and ended before the occurrence of another action or event. The ‘’Past Perfect Tense’ uses the sentence structure ‘had done’ (e.g. He had played basketball before he ate dinner).
过去完成时：表示一个动作发生在过去并在另一个动作发生之前已经结束，动词要用‘had done’ 的形式。
Present Perfect Tense: indicates that an action has happened before and may still be continuing now. The ‘Present Perfect Tense’ uses the sentence structure ‘have/has done’ (e.g. He has played basketball very well).
现在完成时态：表示一个动作已经发生，或有可能持续到现在，动词要用‘have done’ 的形式。
Future Perfect Tense: indicates that an existing action that is currently still happening will come to an end at a specific time in the future. The ‘Future Perfect Tense’ uses the sentence structure ‘will have done’ (e.g. He will have played basketball for a month this Tuesday).
将来完成时：表明现有的动作一直会持续到将来的某个时间点，动词要用’will have done’ 的形式。
Write Your Own Examples 写出你的例子
Past Perfect Tense: ___________________________________________________________________
Past Perfect Tense: ___________________________________________________________________
Past Perfect Tense: ___________________________________________________________________
Continuous Tenses 进行时态
Past Continuous Tense: describes an ongoing event in the past. The ‘Past Continuous Tense’ uses the sentence structure ‘was/were doing’ (e.g. He was playing basketball at 7 last night).
过去进行时：表示去过正在进行的动作，动词要用‘was/were doing’ 的形式。
Present Continuous Tense: emphasizes the continuing nature of an act, event, or condition. The ‘Present Continuous Tense’ uses the sentence structure ‘Something is doing’ (e.g. He is playing basketball now).
现在进行时：表示当下正在发生的动作，动词要用’be doing’ 的形式。
Future Continuous Tense: indicate a continuing action that will be done at some specified time in the future. The ‘Future Continuous Tense’ uses the sentence structure ‘will be doing’ (e.g. He will be playing basketball tomorrow when you call him).
将来进行时：表示将来某个时间正在发生的动作，动词要用’will be doing’ 的形式。
Write Your Own Examples 写出你的例子
Past Continuous Tense: ________________________________________________________________
Past Continuous Tense: ________________________________________________________________
Past Continuous Tense: ________________________________________________________________
’Third Person’ Practice Activities “第三人称”练习
Instructions: In this activity you will practice determining if ‘-es/-s’ is added to the verb in the sentence. Select the correct verb form by underlining or circling it.
说明: 给下例句子中的动词选择正确的动词形式，可以画下划线或圈出来。
Grammar Rules: If the sentence is written in the ‘affirmative’ (e.g. She/he/it/ speaks) the ending ‘-es/-s’ is added. If the sentence is written in the ‘negative’ (e.g. She/he/it/ doesn’t speak) or if the sentence asks a ‘question’ (e.g. Does she/he/it/speak?) the ending ‘-es/-s’ does not get added.
语法规则: 如果句子时“陈述句”，需要在第三人称单数后面加写-es/-s，而“否定句”和“疑问句”则不需要加。
- Jen really ( like / likes ) Peter.
- Does Peter ( like / likes ) Jen?
- Unfortunately Peter only ( like / likes ) himself.
- They ( love / loves ) music.
- Everyone ( say / says ) that film is bad.
- People ( want / wants ) to watch movies that have a good story.
- Does Claire ( bake / bakes ) cakes?
- Everybody ( make / makes ) mistakes sometimes.
- Bob doesn’t ( want / wants ) to go out.
- Their son/daughter ( go / goes ) to university.
Write Your Own Examples 写出你的例子
- ________________________________________________________________
- ________________________________________________________________
- ________________________________________________________________
Verb Tenses Activities 动词时态练习
Instructions: Underline the verb in each sentence and circle what tense the sentence is written in.
说明: 给句子中的动词画下划线并圈出时态。
- ( Past / Present / Future ) The student’s parents agreed with the teacher.
- ( Past / Present / Future ) He responded to my message.
- ( Past / Present / Future ) The teacher will help you next.
- ( Past / Present / Future ) She needs more time to think.
- ( Past / Present / Future ) He did his homework last night.
Instructions: Conjugate the verb that is provided for each sentence correctly . Example: He waited for the bus. (wait, simple past tense)
说明: 按照给定的动词和时态完成下例句子。
- My bus ________________ at the corner. (stop, ‘simple present’)
- Sally ________________ to school. (walk, ‘simple future’)
- They ________________ the math problems. (discuss, ‘simple past’)
- She ________________ her locker for her book. (search, ‘simple past’)
- He ________________ a new video game tomorrow. (buy, ‘simple future’)
Instructions: The following examples are in the: ‘past perfect’, ‘present perfect’ and ‘future perfect’ tenses, but you will complete the activities the same way as before.
说明: 按照前两大题完成这组完成时态的句子。
- ( Past / Present / Future ) Lisa had forgotten about her meeting.
- ( Past / Present / Future ) The movie has begun.
- ( Past / Present / Future ) I will have finished my homework by then.
- I ________________ that movie. (see, ‘present perfect’)
- On Friday, she ________________ here for three months. (is, ‘future perfect’)
- I ________________ this book when I was in grade 8. (read, ‘past perfect’)
- We ________________ dinner before you arrive. (eat, ‘future perfect’)
- He ________________ classes at two different schools. (take, ‘present perfect’)