Introductions to Nouns 名词的介绍
The noun is one of the most important parts of speech in English.
名词是英语中最重要的词性之一。
Noun /naʊn/
A noun is a word the describes a person, place, thing, or idea
(e.g., student, Beijing, book, etc.).
名词 /míngcí/
描述一个人、地方、东西或想法的词。
(如学生，北京，书等)。
Nouns can be either proper nouns or common nouns. A proper nouns are names or places (i.e. the name of a country like China, the name of city like Beijing, or the name of a person like your own name). Proper nouns always get capitalized. This helps to show that the importance of the word. A common noun is everything else. Unlike proper nouns, common nouns do not get capitalized.
名词分为两大类：专有名词和普通名词。专有名词指特定的人、地方、机构等，第一个字母需要大写。普通名词泛指任何一个事物等等，不需要大写。
A noun can also be in one of two forms, as either a singular noun or as plural noun. A singular noun names one person, place, thing, or idea. (i.e. one cat, a store, a city). A plural noun names two or more people, places, things, or ideas. It usually ends with ’s’ or ‘es’. (i.e. two cats, three stores, four cities)
名词有两种形式：单数名词或复数名词。 单数名词指一个人、地点、事物或想法。复数名词指两个或多个人、地点、事物或想法，它通常以“s”或“es”结尾。
Spelling Rules 拼写规则
There are 7 rules in English for converting singular nouns to their plural form. Each of these rules are shown here:
将单数名词转换为复数形式有以下7个重要的规则。 如下所示：
1. For most singular nouns, add -s.
对于大多数单数名词，加-s。
| Singular form of the Noun | IPA | Chinese | Plural Form of the Noun | |
| a) | Teacher | /ˈtiːtʃə/ | ||
| b) | Pencil | /ˈpensl/ | ||
| c) | Book | /bʊk/ |
2. For nouns ending with s, ss, x, sh, or ch, add -es.
对于以s，ss，x，sh或ch结尾的名词，加-es。
| Singular form of the Noun | IPA | Chinese | Plural Form of the Noun | |
| a) | Bus | /bʌs/ | ||
| b) | Box | /bɒks/ | ||
| c) | Dish | /dɪʃ/ |
3. For nouns ending with a consonant and y, change y to i and add -es.
对于以辅音和y结尾的名词，将y变为i加-es。
| Singular form of the Noun | IPA | Chinese | Plural Form of the Noun | |
| a) | Fly | /flaɪ/ | ||
| b) | Army | /ˈɑːmɪ/ | ||
| c) | *Boy | /bɔɪ/ |
4. For some nouns ending with f or –fe ,change f/fe to v and add -es.
对于以f或-fe结尾的一些名词，将f / fe变为v加-es。
| Singular form of the Noun | IPA | Chinese | Plural Form of the Noun | |
| a) | Life | /laɪf/ | ||
| b) | Leaf | /liːf/ | ||
| c) | Knife | /naɪf/ |
5. For some nouns that end with a consonant and o, add -es.
对于以辅音和o结尾的一些名词，加-es。
| Singular form of the Noun | IPA | Chinese | Plural Form of the Noun | |
| a) | Potato | /pəˈteɪtəʊ/ | ||
| b) | Hero | /ˈhɪərəʊ/ | ||
| c) | Volcano | /vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ/ |
6. Some nouns have irregular plural forms. You just have to memorize these.
一些名词具有不规则的复数形式。你需要记住这些。
| Singular form of the Noun | IPA | Chinese | Plural Form of the Noun | |
| a) | Child | /tʃaɪld/ | ||
| b) | Foot | /fʊt/ | ||
| c) | Tooth | /tuːθ/ | ||
| d) | Mouse | /maʊs/ | ||
| e) | Man or Woman | /mæn/ or /ˈwʊmən/ | ||
| f) | Ox | /ɒks/ |
7. A few nouns have the same singular and plural forms.
几个名词具有相同的单数和复数形式。
| Singular form of the Noun | IPA | Chinese | Plural Form of the Noun | |
| a) | Chinese | /ˈtʃaɪˈniːz/ | ||
| b) | Sheep | /ʃiːp/ | ||
| c) | Deer | /dɪə/ |
Counting Nouns 计数名词
Since nouns are usually either a person, place, or thing, they can be counted with a few exceptions. Nouns that can not be counted usually represent things like abstract ideas.
有些名词是可数的，比如人、地方或事物等，而有些名词是不可数的，比如一些抽象的想法等。
Countable Nouns 可数名词
Countable nouns are things that can be counted. For example: “pen”, we can count “pens”. We can have one, two, three or more pens.
可数名词指可以计数的，如：“笔”，我们可以有一个，两个，三个或更多。
Uncountable Nouns 不可数名词
Uncountable nouns are things or concepts that we cannot divide into separate elements to count. For example: “water”, we can not count “water” unless we count “bottles of water”, “cups of water” or “litres of water”, but we can not count “water” itself. Here are some more examples:
不可数名词是指不可划分成一个个元素来数的， 例如：“水”，我们不能数“牛奶”，除非我们数“水瓶”或“水的容量”，但我们不能数“水”本身。常见的不可数名词有：
Uncountable Noun Examples 不可数名词示例
| English | IPA | 中文 | English | IPA | 中文 |
| advice | /ədˈvaɪs/ | love | /lʌv/ | ||
| art | /ɑːt/ | luggage | /ˈlʌɡɪdʒ/ | ||
| electricity | /ɪlekˈtrɪsɪtɪ/ | money | /ˈmʌnɪ/ | ||
| furniture | /ˈfɜːnɪtʃə/ | music | /ˈmjuːzɪk/ | ||
| gas | /ɡæs/ | news | /njuːz/ | ||
| happiness | /ˈhæpɪnɪs/ | power | /ˈpaʊə/ | ||
| information | /ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃən/ | rice | /raɪs/ |