High Proficiency Words 高级词汇
Memorizing vocabulary lists is not an effective strategy for preparing for an English language proficiency test such as the TOEFL or IELTS. Instead, you want to improve your vocabulary usage in two main areas: speaking, and writing.
备战英语语言水平考试,如托福或雅思，单纯记忆单词是远远不够的，要在通过语言输出说和写的过程中提高词汇的运用。
This vocabulary study guide includes the high proficiency words in English. Try to use them in your regular writing as possible and make daily individual study guides.
此词汇表是英语里的高级词汇，尝试在日常写作中进行运用，并制定具体的每日学习计划。
Summary 概述
There are 500 different words included in this study guide; however, some words in several different ways depending on what ‘part of speech’ POS they are used as.
下列词汇表包含500个高级词汇，有些词由于词性的不同会出现不同的意思。
| Adjective | /ˈædʒɪktɪv/ | 形容词 | 249 |
| Adverbs | /ˈædvɜːrbz/ | 副词 | 4 |
| Nouns | /naʊnz/ | 名词 | 175 |
| Pronoun | /ˈproʊnaʊn/ | 代词 | 0 |
| Verbs | /vɜːrbz/ | 动词 | 122 |
| Total: | 550 |
500 High Proficiency Academic Words
500个高级学术词汇
| English | IPA | 中文 | Definition |
| abandon | /əˈbændən/ | 抛弃 | (verb): To give up completely (e.g. To abandoned the sinking ship).Synonyms: relinquish, forgo, forsake |
| abash | /əˈbæʃ/ | 羞愧的 | (verb): To lose self-confidence; to confuse, put to shame (e.g. The politician abashed before the assembled dignitaries).Synonyms: fluster, disconcert, discomfit, discomposeAntonym: (adj.) self-possessed |
| abdicate | /ˈæbdɪkeɪt/ | 退出 | (verb): To give up claim to (e.g. The kings abdicated the throne so that his younger brother could succeed him).Synonyms: renounce, abandon, relinquish |
| abet | /əˈbet/ | 怂恿 | (verb): To encourage or support (e.g. Against their best judgment the army treacherously abetted the enemy).Synonyms: spur, inciteAntonym: deter |
| abridge | /əˈbrɪdʒ/ | 删节 | (verb): To shorten (e.g. The presenter abridged their lengthy speech prior to the conference).Synonyms: curtail, diminish, retrenchAntonyms: protract, elongate, amplify |
| abrogate | /ˈæbrəʊɡeɪt/ | 废除 | (verb): To abolish or render void (e.g. The treaty was abrogated by mutual consent).Synonyms: annul, nullify, rescind, void |
| abstemious | /æbˈstiːmjəs/ | 有节制的 | (adjective): Moderate in the use of food or drink (e.g. The doctor recommended that the patient abstemious in their habits).Synonym: temperate |
| academic | /ˌækəˈdemɪk/ | 学术的 | (adjective): Pertaining to school; theoretical academic interests (e.g. The students had an academic discussion, with no practical implications).Synonym: scholastic |
| accede | /ækˈsiːd/ | 答应 | (verb): To agree to something (e.g. Will you accede to my request?)Synonym: assentAntonym: demur |
| accelerate | /əkˈseləreɪt/ | 加速 | (verb): To quicken, in increase in speed, to grease the amount of time it takes to do something (e.g. The student took an accelerated program in-order to graduate early).Synonym: expedite (adj. expeditious)Antonym: retard |
| accolade | /ækəʊleɪd/ | 荣誉 | (noun): An award or salute (e.g. The nation gave a tremendous accolade for a returning war hero).Synonyms: tribute, ovation |
| accord | /əˈkɔːd/ | 一致 | (verb): To be in agreement (e.g. Everyone was in full accord with the decision).Synonyms: concord, concurrenceAntonyms: dissension, discord |
| acrimonious | /ˌækrɪˈməʊnjəs/ | 讥讽的 | (adjective): Sharp or harsh in language often used when someone is angry (e.g. I was hurt by the acrimonious remarks that were made).Synonyms: caustic, acerb, pungent, tart, mordant, acrid; (noun) asperityAntonyms: suave, affable |
| acumen | /əˈkjuːmen/ | 精明 | (noun): Keenness of mind, having good insight into something (e.g. The new employee is showing exceptional business acumen).Synonyms: perspicacity, discernment, perceptionAntonym: obtuseness |
| admonish | /ədˈmɒnɪʃ/ | 责备 | (verb): To warn or to gently find fault in something (e.g. The teacher was admonishing the unruly child).Synonyms: chide, caution, reprimand, reprehend, reproach |
| adversary | /ˈædvəsərɪ/ | 对手 | (noun): An opponent (e.g. He engaged his adversary in a bitter debate).Synonym: antagonistAntonyms: cohort, confederate, ally, accomplice |
| adversity | /ədˈvɜːsɪtɪ/ | 逆境 | (noun): Misfortune (e.g. You should remain calm in the face of adversity).Synonyms: affliction, mischance, reverses |
| aesthetic | /iːsˈθetɪk/ | 审美的 | (adjective): Pertaining to the beautiful (e.g. Young celebrities are often interested in aesthetic values rather than in practical affairs). |
| affable | /ˈæfəbl/ | 和蔼可亲的 | (adjective): Sociable, courteous, agreeable in manner (e.g. Do you think that Mr. Darcy’s character is an affable gentleman?).Synonyms: civil, complaisant, benign, gracious, genial, urbane, cordialAntonyms: curt, brusque, rude, boorish, surly |
| affluent | /ˈæflʊənt/ | 富裕的 | (adjective): To be prosperous, flourishing, copious (e.g. I received a large bequest from an affluent donor).Synonyms: opulent, profuseAntonyms: destitute, impecunious |
| aggressive | /əˈɡresɪv/ | 好斗的 | (adjective): To be self-assertive; attacking, offensive (e.g. Many people were annoyed by his aggressive attitude)Synonyms: bumptious, officious, obtrusiveAntonyms: meek, humble, retiring, diffident |
| alacrity | /əˈlækrɪtɪ/ | 乐意 | (verb): To respond to something eagerly, with cheerful promptness (e.g. The actress responded to the flattering offer with alacrity).Synonyms: celerity, briskness, energy, animationAntonyms: apathy, nonchalance, sluggishness, lethargy |
| alienate | /ˈeɪljəneɪt/ | 使疏远 | (verb): To feel isolated or estranged (e.g. The young boy felt alienated by his older brothers gruff manner). |
| allay | /əˈleɪ/ | 减轻 | (verb): To calm down, to lessen in severity, to diminish (e.g. I feel at ease now that my fears have been allayed).Synonyms: appease, alleviate, pacify, assuage, abate, mitigate, propitiate, mollify, placateAntonyms: intensify, aggravate |
| allude | /əˈluːd/ | 暗示 | (verb): To refer, suggest, or call attention something indirectly (e.g. The girl alluded quite subtly to her friend’s misfortune).Synonyms: insinuate, intimate, implyAntonyms: refer, cite |
| allure | /əˈljʊə/ | 诱惑力 | (noun): To tempt by flattery or an attractive offer (e.g. The potential candidate was allured by the prospect of gaining a position of seniority).Synonyms: lure, decoy, inveigle, entice, seduce, wheedle, beguile, cajoleAntonym: repel |
| ambiguous | /æmˈbɪɡjʊəs/ | 有歧义的 | (adjective): Uncertain, vague, capable of being interpreted in more than one way (e.g The judge was puzzled by the ambiguous statement).Synonyms: hazy, obscure, equivocal, dubious, nebulousAntonyms: explicit, unquestionable |
| amenable | /əˈmiːnəbl/ | 顺从的 | (adjective): To be obedient, willing to submit (e.g. The officers were amenable to the orders that were given to them). Synonyms: tractable, docile, responsiveAntonyms: intractable, refractory, recalcitrant |
| amiable | /ˈeɪmjəbl/ | 亲切友好的 | (adjective): To have a good-natured, to be friendly (e.g. Those with an amiable disposition can easily attract new friends).Synonym: complaisant |
| anachronism | /əˈnækrənɪzm/ | 时代错误 | (noun): A thing placed or occurring out of its normal time (e.g. A machine gun at the Battle of Yorktown would be an anachronism). |
| analogy | /əˈnælədʒɪ/ | 类似 | (noun): a comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification (e.g. The teacher provided the students with an analogy to help explain the subject matter).Synonyms: correspondence, affinityAntonym: anomaly (a deviation from the general rule) |
| anarchy | /ˈænəkɪ/ | 无政府状态 | (noun): State of confusion or lawlessness (e.g. The country is in a state of complete anarchy because of the civil war).Synonyms: chaos, pandemonium |
| animus | /ˈænɪməs/ | 仇恨 | (noun): A feeling of hatred, hostility, or ill feeling (e.g The soldier felt no animus, even towards the rebel spy).Synonyms: enmity, rancour, malevolence, animosityAntonym: amity |
| annals | /ˈænlz/ | 编年史 | (noun): Historical records, a record of events year by year (e.g. The information that you seek must have been lost in the annals of time). |
| anonymous | /əˈnɒnɪməs/ | 匿名 | (adjective): Of unknown authorship, to not be identified by name (e.g. Can I read an anonymous publication for my project?). |
| anthology | /ænˈθɒlədʒɪ/ | 选集 | (noun): A collection of literary works (e.g. We will be reading an anthology of poetry this year). |
| antithesis | /ænˈtɪθɪsɪs/ | 对立物 | (noun): a person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else (e.g. His selfish attitude seemed to me the antithesis of patriotism). |
| apathy | /ˈæpəθɪ/ | 冷淡 | (noun): A lack of feeling, emotion, or interest (e.g. The doctor’s failure was attributed a lack of apathy rather than a lack in their ability).Synonyms: torpor, lethargy, sluggishness, listlessness, languor, lassitude, dispassion; (verb) languishAntonyms: zeal, animation |
| apprehensive | /ˌæprɪˈhensɪv/ | 担心的 | (adjective): To feel anxious or fearful that something bad or unpleasant will happen (e.g. John is apprehensive about taking the examination because he did not study). |
| apprise | /əˈpraɪz/ | 通知 | (verb): To inform or tell someone (e.g. The General apprised his lieutenants of the new situation). |
| approbation | /ˌæprəʊˈbeɪʃən/ | 赞同 | (noun): To receive mass approval, or praise (e.g. Everyone was anxious to implement a new plan that had received hearty approbation from the entire planning committee).Synonyms: sanction, commendationAntonym: disapprobation |
| apt | /æpt/ | 易于…的有…倾向的 | (adjective): Having a tendency to do something (e.g. They were apt at doing a specific task), or being bound to happen (e.g. The volcano is apt to erupt soon). |
| arbiter | /ˈɑːbɪtə/ | 权威人士；仲裁人 | (noun): A person who has authority to decide matters in a dispute (e.g. A fair decision was rendered by the arbiter).Synonyms: mediator, arbitrator |
| archetype | /ˈɑːkɪtaɪp/ | 原型 | (noun): A typical example of a certain person or thing, an original that has been imitated (e.g. This book is a perfect archetype of the genre).Synonym: prototypeAntonyms: Stereotype, facsimile, replica |
| arid | /ˈærɪd/ | 干旱的 | (adjective): Dry or barren land (e.g. The Sahara Desert is mostly arid land).Synonyms. jejune, parchedAntonyms: arable, fertile |
| aristocracy | /ˌærɪsˈtɒkrəsɪ/ | 贵族 | (noun): Government comprised of only the best people; a privileged class (e.g. The aristocracy enjoyed many special privileges that the common people did not).Synonym: oligarchyAntonym: democracy |
| armistice | /ˈɑːmɪstɪs/ | 休战 | (noun): A temporary suspension of hostilities (e.g. The armistice halted the war).Synonym: truce |
| artful | /ˈɑːtfʊl/ | 狡猾的 | (adjective): Clever or skillful, typically in a crafty or cunning way (e.g. The con-artist attained his mean objective by using artful measures).Synonyms: cunning, wily, adroit, ingenious, guilefulAntonyms: guileless, ingenuous, artless |
| articulate | /ɑːˈtɪkjʊlɪt/ | 清晰地/明确地表达 | (verb): To speak clearly or distinctly (e.g. The speaker articulated their message slowly so that they could not be misunderstood). (adjective): Capable of speech; distinct, clear (e.g. The politician was a very articulate person). |
| ascetic | /əˈsetɪk/ | 苦行的 | (adjective): characterized by or suggesting the practice of severe self-discipline and abstention from all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reasons (e.g. The most devout followers pursue an ascetic lifestyle).Synonyms: austere, abstinentAntonyms: wanton, self-indulgent |
| askance | /əsˈkæns/ | 怀疑地 | (adverb): with an attitude or look of suspicion or disapproval or distrust (e.g. The investigator looked askance at the forged signature). |
| asseverate | /əˈsevəreɪt/ | 郑重声明 | (noun): To declare positively, to confirm, ab emphatic declaration or statement of something (e.g. The defendant asseverated his views with conviction).Synonyms: assert, avouch, aver, avow, allegeAntonyms: gainsay, controvert, recant, rescind, abjure, disavow |
| assiduous | /əˈsɪdjʊəs/ | 刻苦的 | (adjective): Showing great care and perseverance (e.g She was an assiduous worker).Synonyms: sedulous, attentive, diligent, indefatigableAntonyms: indolent, slothful |
| asylum | /əˈsaɪləm/ | 避难所 | (noun): A place offering shelter or retreat, the protection granted by a nation to someone who has left their native country as a political refugee (e.g. The refugees found asylum from persecution).Synonyms: sanctuary, refuge |
| atheist | /ˈeɪθɪɪst/ | 无神论者 | (noun): One who denies that God exists (e.g. The atheist declared that “There is no God”).Synonyms: infidel, agnostic, skeptic |
| attribute | /ˈætrɪbjuːt/ | 把…归于属性 | (verb): to regard something as being caused by something (e.g. He attributed the firm’s success to the efforts of the managing director) (noun): a quality or feature regarded as a characteristic or inherent part of something (e.g. Generosity was just one of her outstanding attributes). |
| augment | /ˈɔːɡmənt/ | 增加 | (verb): To increase or enlarge, make something greater by adding to it (e.g. The army was augmented by numerous enlistments after the attacks of 9/11).Synonyms: enhance, amplify – Antonyms: abate, curtail |
| auspicious | /ɔːsˈpɪʃəs/ | 吉利的 | (adjective): Indicating a happy outcome, or conducive to success (e.g. The prospect for this project appears auspicious).Synonyms: propitious, fortunateAntonyms: ominous, foreboding |
| authentic | /ɔːˈθentɪk/ | 真品的 | (adjective): Genuine, of undisputed origin (e.g. It proved to be an authentic document).Synonyms: veritable, bona fideAntonyms; apocryphal, counterfeit, spurious, bogus |
| autocratic | /ˌɔːtəʊˈkrætɪk/ | 独裁的 | (adjective): Relating to a ruler who has absolute power (e.g. The emperor was feared by the masses as an autocratic ruler).Synonym: tyrannicalAntonym: benevolent |
| avarice | /ˈævərɪs/ | 贪婪 | (noun): Extreme greed, an uncontrollable desire for wealth or material gains (e.g. The job had become less about integrity and more about avarice).Synonyms: covetousness, cupidity, avidityAntonym: magnanimity |
| awry | /əˈraɪ/ | 歪斜的 | (adjective/adverb): Something that is not as expected or planned (e.g. I got the impression that something was awry), or not in a straight or level position (e.g. the picture was hung awry on the wall).Synonyms: askew, wrong |
| banal | /bəˈnɑːl/ | 平庸的 | (adjective): Lacking in in originality as to be obvious and boring (e.g. Nobody liked the new song because it was banal in nature).Synonyms: commonplace, hackneyed, prosaic, trite, stereotyped, vapidAntonyms: racy, original, vivid |
| baneful | /ˈbeɪnfʊl/ | 有害的，有毒的 | (Adjective): Destructive, poisonous, a cause of great distress or annoyance (e.g. The stunt was a baneful attempt to impress the others).Synonyms: deleterious, pernicious, virulent, noxious, toxicAntonym: beneficent |
| banter | /ˈbæntə/ | 打趣 | (noun): The playful and friendly exchange of teasing remarks, teasing, or ridicule (e.g. There was much singing and good-natured banter at the party).Synonyms: raillery, chaff (verb): To talk or exchange remarks in a good humoured way (e.g. The customers bantered with the waitresses over several misshapes that they thought were adorable). |
| baton | /ˈbætən/ | 指挥棒 | (noun): A stick or staff (e.g. The conductor wielded his baton gracefully). |
| belie | /bɪˈlaɪ/ | 证明…是错误的 | (verb): To give a false idea or to fail to give a true notion or impression of something (e.g. His gracious manner belled his evil purpose).Synonym: misrepresent |
| bellicose | /ˈbelɪkəʊs/ | 好斗的 | (adjective): To be inclined to quarrel, demonstrating aggression and willingness to fight (e.g. His bellicose attitude often got him into fights).Synonyms: pugnacious, contentious, disputatiousAntonyms: pacific, conciliatory |
| belligerent | /bɪˈlɪdʒərənt/ | 交战中的 | (adjective): To be hostile and aggressive, engaged in war (e.g. There has always been at least two belligerent nations warring fiercely throughout our recorded histories). |
| benevolent | /bɪˈnevələnt/ | 仁慈的 | (adjective): Well meaning and kindly, charitable (e.g. Everyone liked the rule of their benevolent monarch).Synonyms: benign, benignant, gracious, magnanimousAntonyms: malevolent, malignant |
| bereave | /bɪˈriːv/ | 使…丧失 | (verb): To deprive or leave desolate by loss (e.g. Therapist often counsel the bereaved). |
| besmirch | /bɪˈsmɜːtʃ/ | 玷污 | (verb): To damage the reputation of someone or something (e.g. He besmirched his opponent’s good name by making slanderous remarks about them).Synonyms: stilly, defile, smirch, bespatter |
| biased | /ˈbaɪəst/ | 倾向 | (adjective): Unfairly prejudiced for or against someone or something (e.g. They were misled by a biased point of view).Synonyms: bigoted, arbitrary, partial, partisanAntonyms: disinterested, equitable |
| bibliophile | /ˈbɪblɪəʊfaɪl/ | 书籍爱好者 | (noun): A lover of books (e.g. The bibliophile fingered the old book fondly).Antonym: bibliophobe |
| bizarre | /bɪˈzɑː/ | 怪异的 | (adjective): Very strange or unusual (e.g. The stranger wore bizarre clothes that seamed outlandish and extreme to the local inhabitants).Synonyms: odd, fantastic, grotesque, eccentric |
| bland | /blænd/ | 淡而无味的 | (adjective): To lack strong features or characteristics and is therefore uninteresting (e.g. A bland diet without variety is hard to maintain).Synonyms: mild, suave (affable or persuasive in manner), soothing, non-irritatingAntonyms: piquant, tart, racy, caustic, acrid, pungent |
| blandishment | /ˈblændɪʃmənt/ | 奉承 | (noun): A flattering speech or act (e.g. Our blandishments left him unmoved). |
| blemish | /ˈblemɪʃ/ | 瑕疵 | (noun): A flaw that spoils the appearance of something (e.g. Bad associations were a blemish to his character) |
| blight | /blaɪt/ | 枯萎病，坏因素 | (noun): A thing that spoils or damages something (e.g. Remorse can be a blight on your happiness).Synonyms: wither, blast |
| blithe | /blaɪð/ | 漫不经心的 | (adjective): To show a casual and cheerful indifference that is considered to be callous or improper (e.g. A blithe disregard for the rules of the road.).Synonyms: jocund, merry, joyousAntonyms: dejected, forlorn, abject |
| bombastic | /bɒmˈbæstɪk/ | 华而不实的 | (adjective): high-sounding but with little meaning; pretentious in language (e.g. A bombastic speech, inflated with meaningless high-flown words).Synonyms: ranting, pompous, fustian |
| boorish | /ˈbʊərɪʃ/ | 粗鲁的 | (adjective): Unrefined in speech or manners, rough and bad-mannered (e.g. They exhibited the boorish manners of an uneducated peasant).Synonyms: churlish, uncouth. uncultured, crassAntonym: suave |
| bucolic | /bjuːˈkɒlɪk/ | 乡村的 | (adjective): Pertaining to the country – relating to the pleasant aspects of the countryside and country life (e.g. The poet wrote a bucolic poem that was inspired by their visit to the country side).Synonyms: pastoral, rustic, rural |
| buffoon | /bəˈfuːn/ | 活宝，逗乐小丑 | (noun): A ridiculous but amusing person, a clown (e.g. They were acting like a buffoon).Synonym: harlequin |
| bulwark | /ˈbʊlwək/ | 保障;堡垒 | (noun): An embankment used as a fortification, a defensive wall (e.g. The soldiers built a lofty bulwark for defence).Synonym: rampart |
| bumptious | /ˈbʌmpʃəs/ | 狂妄的 | (adjective): Obnoxiously conceited or self-assertive (e.g. He was a bumptious manager who was obsessed with his own importance)Synonyms: aggressive, arrogant, contumelious, overbearing |
| cabal | /kəˈbæl/ | 阴谋小集团 | (noun): A small group of persons engaged in plotting, a secret political clique or faction (e.g. A cabal of prominent persons united to overthrow the government).Synonyms: junto, faction |
| cadaverous | /kəˈdævərəs/ | 憔悴惨白的 | (adjective): Corpselike; resembling a corpse in being very pale, thin, or bony (e.g. His face appeared cadaverous from being imprisoned for so long).Synonyms: ghastly, gaunt, pallid (noun: pallor), wan, ashenAntonyms: rubicund, florid |
| callous | /ˈkæləs/ | 冷酷无情的 | (adjective): Unfeeling or insensitive, showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others (e.g They were made callous from prolonged suffering at the hands of a tyrant).Synonyms: insensible, obdurate |
| calumniate | /kəˈlʌmnɪeɪt/ | 诬蔑 | (verb): To accuse falsely or maliciously in order to injure another’s reputation; slander (e.g. He calumniated his political opponent by spreading false rumours).Synonyms: asperse, vilify, defame, scandalize |
| candid | /ˈkændɪd/ | 率直的 | (adjective): To be truthful and straightforward, outspoken, frank (e.g. The representative made candid reply that could hardly be more forthright).Synonyms: artless, ingenuous, unbiasedAntonyms: guileful, evasive |
| cantankerous | /kənˈtæŋkərəs/ | 脾气坏的 | (adjective): To be ill-natured; quarrelsome, bad-tempered, argumentative, or uncooperative (e.g. The cantankerous old man could not be reasoned with).Synonyms: petulant, peevish, contentious, pugnacious, testy, choleric, fretfulAntonyms: amiable, affable, equable |
| capricious | /kəˈprɪʃəs/ | 变化无常的 | (adjective): Prone to sudden and unaccountable changes in one’s mood or behaviour (e.g. A capricious person is undependable in mood and temper).Synonyms: fickle, fitful, changeable, erratic, inconstant, crotchety, whimsical, mercurialAntonyms: steadfast, constant, even-tempered |
| captious | /ˈkæpʃəs/ | 吹毛求疵的 | (adjective): Quick to find fault about small trifles (e.g. There are always captious critics that pounce on the most insignificant laws).Synonyms: hypercritical, carping, cavilling, censorious |
| caricature | /ˌkærɪkəˈtjʊə/ | 漫画 | (noun): A picture or other description of a person which exaggerates ludicrously one or more of his distinctive features (e.g. Most propaganda dose not portray a realistic portrait but a malicious caricature of prominent people). |
| castigate | /ˈkæstɪɡeɪt/ | 严厉批评 | (verb): To punish or criticize severely, reprimand (someone) severely (e.g. She was castigated for using improper language).Synonyms: reprove, upbraid, reprehend, censure, reprimand, chastenAntonyms: commend, eulogize, laud |
| celestial | /sɪˈlestjəl/ | 天空的 | (adjective): Pertaining to the sky or outer space, or something that is considered to be heavenly (e.g. Planets are celestial bodies; The celestial beauty of music can be appreciated by anyone).Synonyms: ethereal; (noun) firmament |
| chauvinist | /ˈʃəʊvɪnɪst/ | 沙文主义者 | (noun): a person displaying aggressive or exaggerated patriotism (e.g. The resistance was formed by a group of chauvinists that had great pride in their country).Synonym: jingoist |
| chicanery | /ʃɪˈkeɪnərɪ/ | 欺骗 | (noun): the use of trickery to achieve a political, financial, or legal purpose (e.g. The mafia practises chicanery in all of their shady dealings).Synonyms: duplicity, craft, stratagem, wile, subterfuge |
| chronic | /ˈkrɒnɪk/ | 慢性的 | (adjective): Something that persists for a long time or constantly recurring or habitual (e.g. The zoning regulations complaint was a chronic issue that persisted for many years).Synonyms: persistent, unremitting, inveterate, incessant, constantAntonyms: intermittent, sporadic, infrequent |
| circumspect | /ˈsɜːkəmspekt/ | 小心谨慎的 | (adjective): Cautious, wary and unwilling to take risks (e.g. The police officers looked about the crime scene circumspectly even though nothing appeared out of order).Synonyms: prudent, vigilant, discreet, waryAntonyms: rash, indiscreet, reckless, precipitate, foothardy, temerarious, headstrong |
| circumvent | /ˌsɜːkəmˈvent/ | 规避 | (verb): To gain an advantage by the use of trickery, to evade by the use of deception, to go around (e.g. The lawyers intend on circumventing the law by using evasive and controversial legal practices).Synonyms: thwart, balk, outwit, delude |
| civil | /ˈsɪvl/ | 公民的 有礼貌的 | 1. (adjective): Having to do with citizens or the state (e.g. We have civil duties as well as civil liberties.) 2. (adjective): To be courteous and polite (e.g They answered in a civil fashion despite all of the hostility being directed towards them). |
| clamorous | /ˈklæmərəs/ | 喧闹的 | (adjective): A loud and confused noise (e.g. You could hear that a clamorous outburst had broken-out in the boardroom).Synonyms: vociferous, obstreperous, blatant, raucous, stridentAntonyms: muted, quiet |
| clandestine | /klænˈdestɪn/ | 秘密的 | (adjective): To be kept secret or done in secret (e.g. The board of directors held a clandestine meeting that was only known only to a few company officials).Synonyms: furtive, covert, surreptitiousAntonyms: overt, manifest, above-board |
| clement | /ˈklemənt/ | 和煦的 | (adjective): Merciful, gentle (e.g. Hopefully your trial will be presided by a clement judge who believes in being lenient).Synonyms: compassionate, forbearingAntonyms: relentless, ruthless |
| coalition | /ˌkəʊəˈlɪʃən/ | 联盟 | (noun): An alliance for combined action, especially a temporary alliance of political parties forming a government or of states, merging of various units into one unit (e.g. The three minority political parties formed a coalition to increase their chances of winning the election).Synonyms: amalgamation, consolidation, fusion |
| coercion | /kəʊˈɜːʃən/ | 胁迫 | (noun): The practice of persuading someone to do something against their will by the use of physical force, threats, or other means (e.g. Do you think that it is ok for the major crimes units to use coercion to convince criminals to betray their associates?).Synonyms: constraint, restraint, impelling |
| cogent | /ˈkəʊdʒənt/ | 中肯的，有说服力的 | (adjective): Having the force to compel, usually by appealing to reason (e.g. I am sure you will be persuaded by my cogent arguments on the topic).Synonym: persuasive |
| collusion | /kəˈluːʒən/ | 共谋 | (noun): Working together secretly for an evil or illegal purpose (e.g. The president elect acted in collusion with rebel forces to overthrow the elected government).Synonyms: collaboration, conspiracy, conniving, machination |
| commodious | /kəˈməʊdjəs/ | 宽敞的 | (adjective): Roomy and comfortable (e.g. They wanted a commodious apartment overlooking the park).Synonyms: spacious, capacious, ample |
| compatible | /kəmˈpætəbl/ | 和睦相处的 | (adjective): Able to exist or occur together without conflict, to get along (e.g. They are very compatible with each other).Synonyms: congruous, consistentAntonyms: incongruous, discordant, incompatible |
| compendium | /kəmˈpendɪəm/ | 摘要，纲要 | (noun): A brief summary of the main ideas of a larger work (e.g. The review committee wanted a compendium of the doctoral students research project).Synonyms: synopsis, digest, precis, abstract, epitome |
| compensation | /ˌkɒmpenˈseɪʃən/ | 补偿 | (noun): Something, typically money, that is paid to someone for work that they have done. Compensation may also be paid to an individual as a result personal injury or suffering (e.g. The worker demanded fair compensation for his work related injuries).Synonyms: stipend, remuneration, recompense, emolument |
| complacent | /kəmˈpleɪsnt/ | 自满的 | (adjective): To have a smug or uncritical satisfaction with one’s own achievements, to be self-satisfied (e.g. The actor looked at their own performance with a complacent smile).Synonym: smug |
| compunction | /kəmˈpʌŋkʃən/ | 内疚 | (noun): A feeling of guilt or moral scruple that prevents or follows the doing of something bad (e.g. A moral person will display compunction when forced to do something bad even if it is for the right reasons).Synonyms: contrition, penitence, atonement, remorse, qualm |
| concede | /kənˈsiːd/ | 承认 | (verb): Admit that something is true or valid after first denying or resisting it (e.g. The Japanese forces conceded victory to United States of America after the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki).Synonyms: acquiesce, capitulate |
| condign | /kənˈdaɪn/ | 罪有应得的 | (adjective): To be appropriate to the crime or wrongdoing (e.g. The criminal received a condign punishment for his crime). |
| condole | /kənˈdəʊl/ | 慰唁 | (verb): To express sympathy for someone who is in pain, to grieve (e.g. The entire family condoled with each other after the deaths of their grandparents).Synonyms: commiserate, show compassion, solace |
| condone | /kənˈdəʊn/ | 容忍，宽恕 | (verb): To forgive or to overlook an offence (e.g. The jury condoned the offence in view of the offender’s young age).Synonyms: extenuate, palliate, mitigate, gloss |
| confederate | /kənˈfedərɪt/ | 联盟 | (noun): A person allied with others for a special purpose that is typically done in secret or illegally (e.g. The confederates rose up against being subjected by British imperialism). |
| congenial | /kənˈdʒiːnjəl/ | 意趣相投的 | (adjective): Possessing similar interests and tastes, able to get on well with others (e.g. The conference was a success because it attracted congenial people with similar interests and backgrounds). |
| conjecture | /kənˈdʒektʃə/ | 推测 | (noun): An opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information, to guess without all of the facts (e.g. We can only conjecture about his guilt).Synonyms: surmise, presume |
| consecrate | /ˈkɒnsɪkreɪt/ | 把…奉为神圣 | (verb): To set apart, make, or declare something as being sacred (e.g. The church will consecrate objects that represent the earthly embodiment of the Holy Spirt). Synonyms: hallow, sanctify Antonym: desecrate |
| consensus | /kənˈsensəs/ | 一致意见 | (noun): A general agreement (e.g. The consensus of the committee was that no action should be taken until more information is made available to them).Synonym: accord |
| consternation | /ˌkɒnstɜːˈneɪʃən/ | 惊愕 | (noun): A feeling of anxiety or dismay that results in a lack of courage (e.g. The threat struck deep consternation into John).Synonyms: dismay, bewilderment |
| construe | /kənˈstruː/ | 解释 | (verb): To interpret or explain something in a particular way (e.g. The witness construed their statement to conceal their own involvement in the the crime by only revealing certain information about what had happened). |
| consummate | /kənˈsʌmɪt/ | 完善 | (verb): To complete a transaction. (e.g. His scheme of colonization was consummated through bloodshed) or (e.g. They consummated their marriage). |
| contemptuous | /kənˈtemptjʊəs/ | 轻蔑的 | (adjective): Showing contempt, an emotion involving anger and disgust (e.g. The CEO cast a contemptuous look at his subordinate).Synonyms: supercilious, scornful, disdainful, contumelious |
| convivial | /kənˈvɪvɪəl/ | 欢乐的 | (adjective): A friendly, lively or festive event (e.g. Everyone said that it was a convivial party).Synonyms: jovial, jocund, mirthfulAntonyms: lugubrious, dolorous, mirthless |
| copious | /ˈkəʊpjəs/ | 大量的 | (adjective): Plentiful, abundant in supply or quantity (e.g. A good student will take copious notes during class).Synonyms. profuse, bountiful, abundantAntonyms: meagre, scant |
| corpulent | /ˈkɔːpjʊlənt/ | 发福的 | (adjective): A fat person (e.g. They grew corpulent due to a lack of excessive eating).Synonyms: obese, portlyAntonyms: gaunt, lank, emaciated, peaked |
| cosmopolitan | /ˌkɒzməʊˈpɒlɪtən/ | 国际性的 | (adjective): familiar with and at ease in many different countries and cultures (e.g. Her knowledge of French, Italian, and Spanish made her genuinely cosmopolitan.). |
| coterie | /ˈkəʊtərɪ/ | 小集团 | (noun): A group of people joined by common interests (e.g. They formed a coterie of friends and advisers).Synonym: clique |
| countenance | /ˈkaʊntɪnəns/ | 面容 | (noun): A person’s face or facial expression (e.g. His countenance expression displayed his complete disgust with the proposal). |
| crass | /kræs/ | 愚钝的 | (adjective): Coarse and stupid. Lacking sensitivity, refinement, or intelligence (e.g. They displayed a crass ignorance towards the topic).Synonym: gross |
| craven | /ˈkreɪvən/ | 怯懦的 | (adjective): contemptibly lacking in courage. To act cowardly (e.g. The prince denouncing his duties to his people was a craven abdication of his moral duties to the realm).Synonyms: pusillanimous, dastardly.Antonyms: stalwart, intrepid, valiant, stout-hearted (noun): (e.g. The events of 9/11 were cravenness acts which shocked the entire world). |
| credence | /ˈkriːdəns/ | 可信性 | (noun): Belief or acceptance that something is true (e.g.It’s best if you give little credence to that vicious rumour).Synonym: convictionAntonym: skepticism |
| credible | /ˈkredəbl/ | 可信的 | (adjective): Worthy of belief (e.g. They provided a credible statement to the police officer).Antonym: incredible |
| credulous | /ˈkredjʊləs/ | 轻信的 | (adjective): Inclined to believe anything; easily imposed upon (e.g. You are a credulous fool).Synonym: gullibleAntonyms: incredulous, skeptical |
| cringe | /krɪndʒ/ | 畏缩 | (verb): To shrink in fear (e.g. The soldiers were cringing at the thought of battling a superior force in an open battlefield).Synonyms, cower, flinch, fawn, truckle, wince |
| crucial | /ˈkruːʃəl/ | 至关重要的 | (adjective): Decisive or critical, especially in the success or failure of something (e.g. The invasion of northern France in 1944 was a crucial event that determined the entire outcome of the Second World War). |
| cryptic | /ˈkrɪptɪk/ | 隐秘的 | (adjective): Containing hidden meaning, or a meaning that is mysterious or obscure (e.g. I need your help to decipher a cryptic message that we received earlier today).Synonyms: occult, enigmaticAntonyms: palpable, manifest |
| culpable | /ˈkʌlpəbl/ | 应受责备的 | (adjective): Deserving blame or censure (e.g. They were removed from office for culpable negligence).Synonyms: censurable, reprehensible |
| cumbrous | /ˈkʌmbrəs/ | 讨厌的累赘的 | (adjective): Burdensome and clumsy, literary term for cumbersome (e.g. All of these books make my school bag very cumbrous).Synonyms: cumbersome, unwieldy, bulk |
| cursory | /ˈkɜːsərɪ/ | 草草的 | (adjective): Something that is hasty and therefore not thorough or detailed, or done superficially (e.g. Due to the time constraints the doctor only performed a cursory examination of the patient).Antonyms: painstaking, meticulous |
| curt | /kɜːt/ | 唐突无礼的 | (adjective): Rudely abrupt (e.g. The teacher was offended by the student’s curt response).Synonyms: blunt, brusque, bluffAntonyms: affable, civil |
| cynical | /ˈsɪnɪkəl/ | 愤世嫉俗的 | (adjective): Sneeringly distrustful of the good motives or conduct of others; believing that people are motivated by self-interest (e.g. Don’t belittle me with such cynical remarks).Synonyms: sarcastic, surly |
| dearth | /dɜːθ/ | 缺乏 | (noun): A scarcity or lack of something (e.g. There is a dearth of evidence pertaining to this case due to government censorship).Antonyms: plethora, abundance |
| deference | /ˈdefərəns/ | 遵从 | (noun): Submitting to the wishes or judgment of another (e.g. The pupil yielded out of deference to their mentor’s wisdom).Synonyms: respect, complaisance, venerationAntonym: recalcitrance |
| deity | /ˈdiːɪtɪ/ | 神 | (noun): A god or goddess in a polytheistic religion (e.g. The sun was worshiped as a deity by many ancient civilizations).Synonym: divinity |
| delectable | /dɪˈlektəbl/ | 美味的 | (adjective): Relating to foods or drinks that are considered to be very pleasing (e.g It was a delectable meal that was tastefully prepared). |
| delineate | /dɪˈlɪnɪeɪt/ | 勾画 | (verb): To sketch, describe, or portray something precisely (e.g. The sketch artist was able to delineate an accurate resemblance of the culprit from the witnesses description). |
| delinquent | /dɪˈlɪŋkwənt/ | 罪犯 有过失的 | (adjective): Typically used to describe; characterized by a tendency to commit crime, particularly minor crimes that are committed by a young person (e.g. Children should be punished for their delinquent behaviour before they commit a serious crime). |
| deluge | /ˈdeljuːdʒ/ | 洪水 | (noun): A great flood; a serious downpour (e.g. A spring deluge caused the river to overflow. |
| demagogue | /ˈdeməɡɒɡ/ | 煽动者 | (noun): A political leader who seeks support by appealing to popular desires and prejudices rather than by using rational argument (e.g Many people think that the current candidate is a demagogue who dose not have the attributes of an effective leader). |
| demeanour | /dɪˈmiːnə/ | 举止 | (noun): Outward behaviour or bearing (e.g. The countess was expected to always show a proud yet pleasant demeanour at all times).Synonyms: deportment, mien |
| demure | /dɪˈmjʊə/ | 端庄的 | (adjective): Reserved or falsely modest and shy (e.g. The Victorian maid could be described as being demure and secretive).Synonyms: sedate, staid, decorous, prudish, coyAntonyms: immodest, frivolous |
| denounce | /dɪˈnaʊns/ | 告发 | (verb): To speak against, publicly declare that something is wrong or evil (e.g. The corporate whistleblower was denounced by the press as a traitor).Synonyms: stigmatize, censure, reprehend, castigateAntonyms: laud, eulogize |
| deplete | /dɪˈpliːt/ | 耗尽 | (verb): To empty or to use up the entire supply of something (e.g. The government’s excessive spending will deplete the treasury and leave the country in a state of financial disarray).Synonyms: exhaust, drainAntonyms: replenish; (adj.) replete |
| deplore | /dɪˈplɔː/ | 强烈谴责 | (verb): To express sorrow or grief; to feel or express strong disapproval towards something (e.g. It was a situation that was deplored by all parties).Synonyms: lament, decry, grieve |
| depraved | /dɪˈpreɪvd/ | 堕落的，颓废的 | (adjective): Of low morals; corrupt (e.g. A murderer shows a depraved indifference towards human life).Synonyms: debased, wicked, vicious, perverted |
| deprecate | /ˈdeprɪkeɪt/ | 反对 | (verb): To plead or argue against a certain course of action; to express disapproval (e.g. The eternal consultant deprecated the merits of the companies consolidation plan).Synonyms: remonstrate, protest, decry, expostulateAntonym: sanction |
| depreciate | /dɪˈpriːʃɪeɪt/ | 贬值 | (verb): To diminish in value over a period of time (e.g. The British pound is expected to depreciate against the US dollar because of the Brexit vote).Synonyms: disparage, derogate (adj. derogatory)Antonyms: enhance, magnify, extol, laud, eulogize |
| devastation | /ˌdevəsˈteɪʃən/ | 破坏 | (noun): Widespread ruin; great destruction or damage (e.g. Hurricane Katrina caused widespread devastation).Synonyms: destruction, desolation |
| devious | /ˈdiːvjəs/ | 狡诈的 | (adjective): Straying from the right course; showing a skillful use of underhanded tactics to achieve goals (e.g. Some politicians will use devious means to accomplish their goals). |
| devoid | /dɪˈvɔɪd/ | 缺乏 | (adjective): Entirely lacking or free from something (e.g. Her testimony was devoid of any form of emotion).Synonym: destituteAntonyms: abounding, prevalent |
| devout | /dɪˈvaʊt/ | 虔诚的 | (adjective): Devoted to religious observances; having or showing deep religious feeling or commitment (e.g. A devout Catholic should follow the Lords example and perform random acts of kindness). Synonyms: pious, religiousAntonym: impious |
| dictum | /ˈdɪktəm/ | 格言 | (noun): An authoritative statement; a formal pronouncement from an authoritative source which demands instant compliance (e.g. Due to the recent outbreak of violent attacks the government demanded that its citizens comply with their dictum on public safety). |
| didactic | /dɪˈdæktɪk/ | 教导的 | (adjective): Designed to teach; intended to teach, particularly in having moral instruction (e.g. The teacher presented a didactic lesson on law, order, and ethics).Synonym: pedagogical |
| diffident | /ˈdɪfɪdənt/ | 缺乏自信的 | (adjective): Lacking in self-confidence (e.g. Children who are bullied are often too diffident to stand up for themselves later in life).Synonyms: shy, timid, reserved, reticent, retiringAntonyms: forward, aggressive |
| dilemma | /dɪˈlemə/ | 窘境 | (noun): A situation calling for a choice between two equally difficult alternatives; hence, a difficult or perplexing situation (e.g. Our nation’s leaders are often faced with great dilemmas during times of war).Synonyms: predicament, quandary, plight |
| disconcert | /ˌdɪskənˈsɜːt/ | 使不安 | (verb): To disturb someone’s composure; to confuse; to embarrass (e.g. The employee’s abrupt change in the subject matter that they were talking about disconcerted the manager).Synonyms: perturb, discomfit, discompose, abash, disquiet, fluster |
| disconsolate | /dɪsˈkɒnsəlɪt/ | 忧郁的 | (adjective): Without consolation or comfort; unhappy; depressed (e.g. The doctor became disconsolate because there was nothing he could do to save his terminally ill wife).Synonyms: inconsolable, dejectedAntonyms: blithesome, carefree |
| discourse | /dɪsˈkɔːs/ | 谈话 | (verb/noun): To converse or talk; to discuss (e.g. the political science students discoursed at length the notion of forming a new political party). |
| discrete | /dɪsˈkriːt/ | 分离的 | (discrete): Individually separate and distinct (e.g. These are two discrete issues that are totally unrelated to one another). |
| discursive | /dɪsˈkɜːsɪv/ | 离题的 | (adjective): Digressing from subject to subject (e.g. Students who leave their assignments to the last minute often write dull, secondhand, discursive prose).Synonyms: desultory, digressive |
| disparity | /dɪsˈpærɪtɪ/ | 悬殊的差异 | (noun): Inequality; difference in image, quantity, character, or rank (e.g. There was a great disparity between what was promised and and what was actually done). |
| dispassionate | /dɪsˈpæʃnɪt/ | 冷静的 | (adjective): Free from feeling; not influenced by strong emotions (e.g. She dealt with life’s disasters in a calm and dispassionate way).Synonyms: palm, impartialAntonym: partial |
| dispatch | /dɪsˈpætʃ/ | 派遣 | (verb): To do speedily; send off to a destination or for a purpose (e.g. The police were dispatched with the utmost haste). |
| dispel | /dɪsˈpel/ | 消除 | (verb): To drive away; to scatter (e.g. They did everything in their power to dispel the villagers disbelief) .Synonyms: dissipate, disperse, diffuse |
| dissent | /dɪˈsent/ | 异议 | (noun): To disagree; to have opinions that differ to those that are previously, commonly, or officially held (e.g. There was no dissent from his views on the matter). (verb): (e.g. There were only a couple of dissenting voices among those who attended the meeting). |
| dissolute | /ˈdɪsəluːt/ | 放荡的 | (adjective): Living loosely; lax in conduct or morals (e.g. He was a dissolute, drunken, and disreputable rogue).Synonyms: debauched, dissipated, profligate |
| distraught | /dɪsˈtrɔːt/ | 心烦意乱 | (adjective): Deeply upset and agitated; mentally distressed (e.g. Those who survive such a traumatic expedience are often distraught by said tribulations).Synonym: harassed |
| diverse | /daɪˈvɜːs/ | 不同的 | (adjective): showing a great deal of variety (e.g. Many Western countries have a culturally diverse population).Synonym: multifarious |
| divulge | /daɪˈvʌldʒ/ | 泄露 | (verb): To make public; to reveal private or sensitive information (e.g. The reporter refused to divulge their source).Synonyms: disclose, impart |
| dogmatic | /dɒɡˈmætɪk/ | 教条的，武断的 | (adjective): Positive in expressing an opinion; asserting an opinion as though it were an undisputed fact (e.g. The presenter spoke dogmatically about his thoughts on the matter).Synonyms: overbearing, opinionated, peremptory, dictatorial |
| dolorous | /ˈdɒlərəs/ | 忧伤的 | (adjective): Feeling or expressing great sorrow or distress (e.g. It was a dolorous song that was reminiscent of a happier time).Synonyms: doleful, lugubrious, grievousAntonyms: jocund, blithe, mirthful |
| dynamic | /daɪˈnæmɪk/ | 充满活力的 | (adjective): characterized by constant change, activity, or progress (e.g. The financial analyst described the current economy as dynamic and full of opportunities for new investors)Synonym: energeticAntonyms: static, inert, dormant, torpid, sluggish, quiescent |
| ecclesiastic | /ɪˌkliːzɪˈæstɪk/ | 教士；教会的 | (noun): A priest or clergyman (e.g. The ecclesiastic had very conservative views). (adjective): Pertaining to the clergy or the church (e.g. He is recognized as an authority in ecclesiastic matters).Antonyms: secular, lay |
| edict | /ˈiːdɪkt/ | 命令 | (noun): A public command or proclamation issued by an authority (e.g. It was proclaimed by royal edict that taxes in the colonies will be increased to pay for the war in Europe).Synonym: decree |
| edify | /ˈedɪfaɪ/ | 教化 | (verb): To instruct, improve, or uplift an individual, particularly in morals or religion (e.g. Many of the stories in the Bible are intended to edify the reader). |
| effete | /eˈfiːt/ | 衰落的 | (adjective): No longer productive; ineffective, worn out (e.g. Although they were a powerful nation in their day they are now an effete civilization). |
| egotistic | /(egotistic)/ | 自我主义的 | (adjective): excessively conceited or absorbed in oneself; self-centered (e.g. They are a very egotistical people I doubt that they will care enough to help you).Synonyms: egocentric, vainAntonym: altruistic |
| egregious | /ɪˈɡriːdʒəs/ | 极坏的 | (adjective): Outstandingly bad (e.g. There will be serious consequences if you make another egregious mistake). |
| elicit | /ɪˈlɪsɪt/ | 引出 | (verb): To evoke or draw out (e.g. The comedian’s act elicited no response from the audience).Synonyms: evoke, extract, extort |
| elucidate | /ɪˈluːsɪdeɪt/ | 阐明 | (verb): To make clear; to explain (e.g. The university professor elucidated his theory so that every student could understand it).Synonym: clarify |
| emissary | /ˈemɪsərɪ/ | 使者 | (noun): A person sent on an errand or mission (e.g The King and Queen sent an emissary to conclude the negotiations in secret). |
| engender | /ɪnˈdʒendə/ | 导致 | (verb): To cause, produce, or stir up (e.g.That one mistake endangered the whole company). |
| ennui | /ɑːˈnwiː/ | 无聊 | (noun): Boredom; a feeling of listlessness and dissatisfaction arising from a lack of occupation or excitement (e.g. The student fell asleep in class from sheer ennui). |
| ensue | /ɪnˈsjuː/ | 接着发生 | (verb): To follow or result; to happen or occur afterward or as a result (e.g. If they did not reduce subsidies, a trade was would ensue). |
| entreat | /ɪnˈtriːt/ | 恳求 | (verb): To ask someone earnestly or anxiously to do something; to beg (e.g. The defendant entreated the judge to show mercy).Synonyms: solicit, supplicate, beseech, implore, importune |
| ephemeral | /ɪˈfemərəl/ | 短暂的 | (adjective): Very short-lived (e.g. The newest fashions are ephemeral trends that are out lived by classic attire).Synonyms: fleeting, transitory, transient, evanescentAntonym: eternal |
| epicurean | /ˌepɪkjʊəˈriːən/ | 爱享受的 | (noun): A person devoted to luxurious living and pleasure, especially that derived from fine food and drink (e.g. He is an epicurean, seeking to enjoy every meal). (adjective): Pleasure loving (e.g. His entire existence demonstrated his epicurean tastes in foods and wine). |
| epigram | /ˈepɪɡræm/ | 警句 | (noun): A saying or remark expressing an idea in a clever and amusing way (e.g Their speech was full of original epigrams that only a few people would be able to understand).Synonyms: maxim proverb, adage |
| epitaph | /ˈepɪtɑːf/ | 墓志铭 | (noun): A phrase or statement written in memory of a person who has died, especially as an inscription on a tombstone (e.g. The children had a loving epitaph engraved on their parents’ tombstone). |
| epithet | /ˈepɪθet/ | 表述形容词 | (noun): A phrase that describes a quality (good or bad) in a person or thing (e.g. Old men are often unfairly awarded the epithet “dirty”).Synonyms: characterization , appellation |
| equanimity | /ˌekwəˈnɪmɪtɪ/ | 镇静 | (noun): Mental calmness, composure, and evenness of temper, especially in a difficult situation (e.g. He suffered his cruel fate with equanimity).Synonyms: serenity, composure, imperturbability, aplomb |
| err | /ɜː/ | 犯错误 | (verb): To be mistaken; to go astray; to be incorrect (e.g. To err is human, but to forgive others for their mistakes can be difficult).Synonyms: stray, blunder |
| erratic | /ɪˈrætɪk/ | 不稳定的 | (adjective): Not even or regular in pattern or movement (e.g. The nurse was very worried because the patient’s breathing was erratic). |
| erudite | /ˈeruːdaɪt/ | 博学的 | (adjective): Having or showing great knowledge or learning; learned (e.g. Our teacher is an erudite person).Synonyms: scholarly, knowing |
| esoteric | /ˌesəʊˈterɪk/ | 难懂的 | (adjective): Something that is understood by only a select few (e.g. String theory is an esoteric subject that is discussed by our top scholars).Synonyms: abstruse, recondite |
| exceptionable | /ɪkˈsepʃnəbl/ | 可提出异议的 | (adjective): Open to objection; causing disapproval or offence (e.g. It was exceptionable behaviour that was universally criticized by the entire faculty).Synonyms: questionable, reprehensible, censurableAntonym: laudable |
| exculpate | /ˈekskʌlpeɪt/ | 开脱 | (verb): To free from blame; to show or declare that someone is not guilty of wrongdoing (e.g. I was exculpated by the jury).Synonyms: vindicate, exonerate, absolve, acquitAntonyms: arraign, indict, inculpate |
| exemplary | /ɪɡˈzemplərɪ/ | 可作楷模的 | (adjective): Serving as a desirable model; representing the best of its kind (e.g. The new employee demonstrated exemplary conduct that was acceptable by everyone’s standards).Synonyms: illustrative, typical; praiseworthy, laudable |
| exodus | /ˈeksədəs/ | 全体外出 | (noun): A mass departure of people, especially emigrants (e.g. The war caused an exodus of refugees). |
| exotic | /ɪɡˈzɒtɪk/ | 来自异国的 | (adjective): Strange and foreign; originating in or characteristic of a distant foreign country (e.g. An exotic costume imported from Asia was put on display at the museum today). |
| expatiate | /eksˈpeɪʃɪeɪt/ | 详尽阐述 | (verb): To speak or write at great length (e.g. The professor expatiated on the subject for over two hours without a single break).Synonym: dilate |
| expatriate | /eksˈpætrɪeɪt/ | 侨民 | (noun): An expatriated person (e.g. There are many expatriates living in China). |
| expedient | /ɪksˈpiːdjənt/ | 适宜的 | (adjective): Convenient in helping to attain some purpose (e.g. I would advise that you find the most expedient method before you start). |
| exploit | /ˈeksplɔɪt/ | 剥削 | (verb): To use for one’s selfish purpose (e.g. The refugees were exploited by unscrupulous employers who were looking to make more money for themselves). (noun): A brilliant deed (e.g. He was praised for his exploits in science). |
| expound | /ɪksˈpaʊnd/ | 阐述 | (verb): To set forth in detail; to explain (e.g. Can you expound your theory for me)？ |
| expurgate | /ˈekspɜːɡeɪt/ | 删除 | (verb): To purify offensive material; to remove matter thought to be objectionable or unsuitable from a book or account (e.g. The editor had to expurgate all obscenities from the book before it could be sold to the general market).Synonyms: purge, delete |
| extemporaneous | /eksˌtempəˈreɪnjəs/ | 无准备的 | (adjective): Done or spoken on the spur of the moment or without preparation (e.g. Sometimes an extemporaneous speech can be very passionate and compelling because it comes from the heart).Synonyms: impromptu, offhand |
| extinct | /ɪksˈtɪŋkt/ | 灭绝的 | (adjective): No longer existing or active (e.g. Dinosaurs are now extinct).Synonym: defunctAntonym: extant (noun): The state or process of a species, family, or larger group being or becoming extinct (e.g. There are conflicting theories on what caused the dinosaurs extinction). |
| extirpate | /ˈekstɜːpeɪt/ | 使绝迹 | (verb): To root out, destroy totally (e.g. They planned on extirpating the problem for good).Synonyms: eradicate, exterminate, efface, obliterate |
| extraneous | /eksˈtreɪnjəs/ | 无关的 | (adjective): Not essential; irrelevant or unrelated to the subject being dealt with foreign (e.g. My manager asked me excluded material extraneous to the current proposal).Synonyms: extrinsic, adventitiousAntonyms: germane, intrinsic, inherent, relevant, pertinent |
| exultation | /ˌeɡzʌlˈteɪʃən/ | 兴高采烈 | (noun): A feeling of triumphant elation or jubilation; great rejoicing (e.g. The student received his university letter with exultation).Synonym: jubilation |
| facade | /fəˈsɑːd/ | 正面，外表 | (noun): Front or face, especially of a building (e.g. The parliament buildings were refinished with a new marble facade). |
| facetious | /fəˈsiːʃəs/ | 乱开玩笑的 | (adjective): Treating serious issues with deliberately inappropriate humour (e.g. The jester brightened the evening with his facetious remarks).Synonyms: jocose, droll, flippant, frivolousAntonyms: solemn, grave, saturnine |
| fallacious | /fəˈleɪʃəs/ | 谬误的 | (adjective): Unsound; misleading; based on a mistaken belief (e.g. The intern was led astray by fallacious reasoning). |
| fallible | /ˈfæləbl/ | 易犯错的 | (adjective): Liable to make mistakes or be deceived (e.g. Even experts can be fallible).Antonyms: infallible, unerring |
| fathom | /ˈfæðəm/ | 英寻 | (verb): To understand a difficult problem or situation (e.g. It’s difficult to fathom his actions). |
| fatuous | /ˈfætjʊəs/ | 愚蠢昏庸的 | (adjective): Foolish; silly and pointless (e.g. The fatuous suggestion was disregarded by the board of directors).Synonyms: inane, vacuous, puerileAntonyms: judicious, sagacious, sage |
| fealty | /ˈfiːəltɪ/ | 忠诚 | (noun): Faithfulness; sworn loyalty to a lord: (e.g. The soldiers pledged fealty to their lord commander).Synonyms: allegiance, constancy, fidelityAntonyms: disloyalty; infidelity, treachery |
| feasible | /ˈfiːzəbl/ | 可行的 | (adjective): Workable; possible to do easily or conveniently (e.g. The plan is very feasible).Antonym: impracticable |
| Feign | /feɪn/ | 假装 | (verb): To pretend pretend to be affected by a feeling, state, or injury (e.g. He feigned to be angry, but we saw through his pretence).Synonyms: dissemble, sham, dissimulate, affect |
| felicity | /fɪˈlɪsɪtɪ/ | 幸福，快乐 | (noun): A state of happiness (e.g. The new political reforms promoted nation wide felicity). |
| fervid | /ˈfɜːvɪd/ | 充满激情的，热烈的 | (adjective): Intensely enthusiastic or passionate; spirited (e.g. The customer wrote a letter of fervid thanks to the company).Synonyms: perfervid, impassioned, zealous, fervent, vehement |
| festoon | /fesˈtuːn/ | 花彩 | (noun): A garland of flowers, leaves, etc. hung between two points (e.g. The room was decorated with festoons for the upcoming Thanksgiving celebration). (verb): To hang with festoons (e.g. The room was festooned with spring flowers). |
| fetish | /ˈfiːtɪʃ/ | 迷恋物 | (noun): An object of unreasoning devotion and worship (e.g. Their desire to buy new shoes was fuelled by their fetish for new fashions) . |
| fiasco | /fɪˈæskəʊ/ | 惨败 | (noun): A thing that is a complete failure, especially in a ludicrous or humiliating way (e.g. His plans turned into a complete fiasco).Synonym: debacle |
| fictitious | /fɪkˈtɪʃəs/ | 虚假的 | (adjective): Unreal; not real or true, being imaginary or having been fabricated (e.g. They must have used a fictitious identity to avoid being detected by security).Synonym: fabricated |
| flaccid | /ˈflæksɪd/ | 松弛的 | (adjective): Lacking firmness; soft and hanging loosely or limply from the body (e.g The former athlete’s muscles had grown flaccid after being bedridden for many years after the accident).Synonyms: flabby, limp |
| flagrant | /ˈfleɪɡrənt/ | 骇人听闻的 | (adjective): Something that is considered wrong or immoral; conspicuously or obviously offensive (e.g. The CEO was condemned for his flagrant abuse of power).Synonyms: glaring, scandalous, notorious, conspicuous, gross |
| flamboyant | /flæmˈbɔɪənt/ | 炫耀的，艳丽的 | (adjective): Elaborately showy; tending to attract attention because of their exuberance, confidence, and stylishness (e.g. She is outgoing and flamboyant).Synonyms: florid, ornate, resplendent, embellished, garish, gaudy, gorgeous, rococoAntonym: somber |
| flaunt | /flɔːnt/ | 炫耀 | (verb): Display or wave boastfully, especially in order to provoke envy or admiration or to show defiance (e.g. The student flaunted his report card to his parents who were delighted to see theirs son’s grades). |
| fleeting | /ˈfliːtɪŋ/ | 转瞬即逝的 | (adjective): Passing swiftly; lasting for a very short time (e.g. There was a fleeting feeling that the regime was about to collapse).Synonyms: transitory, fugitive |
| fluctuate | /ˈflʌktjʊeɪt/ | 波动 | (verb): To waver from one course to another; to vary irregularly; rise and fall irregularly in number or (e.g. The stock markets fluctuate daily).Synonyms: oscillate, vacillate, undulate, sway |
| forbear | /ˈfɔːbeə/ | 克制 | (verb): To exercise self control; to keep from; to politely or patiently restrain an impulse to do something (e.g. He could not forbear the temptation of telling everyone the good news).Synonyms: restrain, abstain |
| forensic | /fəˈrensɪk/ | 法医的 | (adjective): Pertaining to or denoting the application of scientific methods and techniques to the investigation of crime (e.g The defendant did not understand the implications of the forensic evidence that was presented to the court).Synonyms: rhetorical, oratorical |
| fortuitous | /fɔːˈtjuːɪtəs/ | 偶然的 | (adjective): Happening accidentally or by chance rather than design (e.g. The similarities may simply be a fortuitous anomaly).Synonyms: casual, incidental, adventitious, random |
| fracas | /ˈfrækɑː/ | 吵闹 | (noun): A disorderly quarrel, or a noisy disturbance (e.g. A fracas broke out between the two parties during the meeting).Synonyms: brawl, altercation, fray, wrangle, imbroglio |
| frustrate | /frʌsˈtreɪt/ | 阻挠 | (verb): To prevent (the attainment of an object); to defeat or render ineffectual (e.g. His scholastic progress was frustrated by a serious illness).Synonyms: balk, thwart, foil, baffle, obstruct, discomfitAntonym: abet |
| fulsome | /ˈfʊlsəm/ | 过分恭维的 | (adjective): Disgustingly excessive; complimentary or flattering to an excessive degree (e.g. They are almost embarrassingly fulsome in their appreciation). |
| garnish | /ˈɡɑːnɪʃ/ | 装饰 | (verb): To decorate or embellish something, especially food (e.g. The chief used the finest culinary techniques to garnish the dishes).Synonyms: adorn, deck |
| genealogy | /ˌdʒiːnɪˈælədʒɪ/ | 系谱学 | (noun): A record of a person’s or a family’s ancestors or relatives (e.g. I found out that my family’s genealogy was more interesting than I thought it would be).Synonym: lineage |
| genesis | /ˈdʒenɪsɪs/ | 起源 | (noun): Origin; the origin or mode of formation of something (e.g. The genesis of modern study of chemistry is developed from alchemy).Synonym: inception |
| gesticulate | /dʒesˈtɪkjʊleɪt/ | 做手势 | (verb): To make or use gestures, especially dramatic ones, instead of speaking or to emphasize one’s words (e.g. Nobody paid any attention to them even though they were shouting and gesticulating frantically). |
| ghastly | /ˈɡɑːstlɪ/ | 可怕的 | (adjective): Causing great horror or fear; frightful or macabre (e.g. It was a ghastly disaster which shocked the entire world).Synonyms: gruesome, grisly, pallid, macabre, grim, lurid |
| gibe | /dʒaɪb/ | 冷笑 | (noun): To laugh at; an insulting or mocking remark (e.g. It was a gibe at their old rivals).Synonyms: mock, sneer, jeer, scoff, flout, deride (adj.: derisive), rail, taunt |
| glib | /ɡlɪb/ | 油腔滑调的 | (adjective): Smooth-spoken, fluent (e.g. The orphan had become a glib liar who was able to distort the truth effortlessly). |
| gluttonous | /ˈɡlʌtnəs/ | 贪吃的 | (adjective): Excessively greedy (e.g. They indulged themselves in gluttonous fashion).Synonyms: voracious, intemperate |
| gossamer | /ˈɡɒsəmə/ | 薄纱制的 | (adjective): Used to refer to something very light, thin, and insubstantial or delicate (e.g. The fabric looked like the gossamer wings of a dragonfly).Synonyms: diaphanous, flimsy, gauzelike Antonyms: substantial, ponderous |
| gregarious | /ɡrɪˈɡeərɪəs/ | 爱交际的 | (adjective): Used to describe someone or something that is fond of company; sociable (e.g. It was a gregarious dog that was fond of being around people).Antonyms: lone, aloof |
| grimace | /ɡrɪˈmeɪs/ | 脸部扭曲 | (noun): A distortion of the face to express an attitude or feeling (e.g. Their grimace was more expressive than their words). |
| hail | /heɪl/ | 招呼 | (verb): To greet; to call out to someone; to attract attention: (e.g. The crowd hailed the returning hero).Synonyms: accost, salute |
| harangue | /həˈræŋ/ | 高谈阔论的演讲 向…作慷慨激昂的演讲 | (noun): A loud, tiresome speech (e.g. It was an empty harangue which bored the audience). (verb): To deliver a long and noisy speech (e.g. The advocates harangued total strangers about the importance of global warming). |
| harbinger | /ˈhɑːbɪndʒə/ | 前兆 | (noun): A forerunner; a person or thing that announces or signals the approach of another (e.g. The return of migratory birds is a harbinger of spring).Synonyms: precursor, herald |
| haughty | /ˈhɔːtɪ/ | 傲慢的 | (adjective): Proud; arrogantly superior and disdainful; looking down with contempt on others (e.g. The manager dismissed the messenger in a haughty manner). |
| heedless | /ˈhiːdlɪs/ | 不加注意的 | (adjective): Thoughtless; taking little care; showing a reckless lack of care or attention (e.g. They rushed into battle, heedless of the impending danger that faced them).Synonyms: inadvertent, rash, incautiousAntonyms: prudent, circumspect, mindful, wary |
| heinous | /ˈheɪnəs/ | 十恶不赦的 | (adjective): Utterly odious or wicked; hateful (e.g. The desire to get revenge made them commit a heinous crime).Synonyms: atrocious, outrageous, monstrous, odious, nefarious, abominable |
| heresy | /ˈherəsɪ/ | 异教，异端邪说 | (noun): An opinion held in opposition to the traditional view (e.g. The idea that the Earth was not the centre of the universe used to be condemned as heresy) .Synonym: heterodoxyAntonym: orthodoxy |
| hiatus | /haɪˈeɪtəs/ | 间断 | (noun): A pause or gap in a sequence, series, or process (e.g. There was a brief hiatus in the war between the two countries while a potential truce was being negotiated).Synonym: breach |
| histrionic | /ˌhɪstrɪˈɒnɪk/ | 矫揉造作的 | (adjective): Pertaining to the theatre; overly theatrical or melodramatic in character or style (e.g. They broke into histrionic laughter that was hollow and insincere).Synonyms: dramatic, theatrical |
| hoax | /həʊks/ | 恶作剧 戏弄 | (noun): A trick or deception; a practical joke; humorous or malicious deception (e.g. He was accused of making hoax calls). (verb): To play a trick on; to deceive (e.g. He hoaxed the crowd with his clever disguise). |
| hovel | /ˈhɒvəl/ | 肮脏简陋的住所 | (noun): A small dirty, unpleasant, simply constructed, or wretched dwelling (e.g. Although they were born in a hovel they became very successful). |
| hyperbole | /haɪˈpɜːbəlɪ/ | 夸张 | (noun): Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally (e.g. An example of hyperbole is: “There are like a million objections to the project”); or (e.g.They used hyperbole to voice their objection to the project).Synonym: overstatementAntonym: understatement |
| hypothesis | /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/ | 假设 | (noun): An assumption or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation (e.g. Developing a good hypothesis is the foundation of any good science experiment).Synonym: supposition |
| idiosyncrasy | /ˌɪdɪəˈsɪŋkrəsɪ/ | 习性 | (noun): A mode of behaviour or way of thought that is peculiar to an individual (e.g. The boy had many odd idiosyncrasies).Synonyms: eccentricity, foible, mannerism, crotchet, aberration, quirk, singularity |
| ignominious | /ˌɪɡnəʊˈmɪnɪəs/ | 耻辱的 | (adjective): Incurring public disgrace (e.g. No other party risked ignominious defeat.).Synonyms: infamous, degrading, opprobrious, odiousAntonyms: illustrious, renowned, preeminent |
| immaculate | /ɪˈmækjʊlɪt/ | 完美的，整洁的 | (adjective): Perfectly clean, neat, or tidy (e.g. We are looking for a representative that has an immaculate reputation).Synonyms: undefiled, unsullied, unblemished, untarnishedAntonyms: defiled, sullied, blemished |
| imminent | /ˈɪmɪnənt/ | 迫近的 | (adjective): Likely to occur soon (e.g. They are in imminent danger of being swept away by the flood water if the dyke brakes).Synonym: impending |
| immune | /ɪˈmjuːn/ | 有免疫力的 | (adjective): Exempt from; protected from; or resistant to a particular infection or toxin (e.g. The vaccination will make you immune to the disease).Synonym : unsusceptible |
| impale | /ɪmˈpeɪl/ | 刺穿 | (verb): To pierce or transfix something with a pointed object (e.g. His head was impaled on a pike and displayed publicly to discourage any further treachery). |
| impeach | /ɪmˈpiːtʃ/ | 控告 | (verb): To accuse a public official of wrongdoing; or to call into question the integrity or validity of a practice (e.g. The President was impeached for embezzlement and tax fraud).Synonyms: arraign, discredit |
| impeccable | /ɪmˈpekəbl/ | 无可挑剔的 | (adjective): Faultless in of behaviour, performance, or appearance (e.g. The pianist performed with impeccable skill).Synonyms: consummate, irreproachable, unerring, infallibleAntonyms: culpable, fallible |
| impervious | /ɪmˈpɜːvjəs/ | 不能渗透的 | (adjective): Incapable of being penetrated (e.g. They were impervious to new ideas).Synonyms: impermeable, impenetrableAntonyms: permeable, pervasive |
| implacable | /ɪmˈplækəbl/ | 无法消解的 | (adjective): Incapable of being soothed, made peaceful, or forgiving (e.g. He has an implacable resentment towards his rivals).Synonyms: unrelenting, inexorable, unappeasableAntonyms: placable, forbearing |
| implicit | /ɪmˈplɪsɪt/ | 含蓄的 | (adjective): Implied but not clearly expressed (e.g. Moral behaviour is implicit in our society).Synonyms: tacit, impliedAntonym: explicit |
| impostor | /ɪmˈpɒstə/ | 冒名顶替者 | (noun): A person who pretends to be someone else in order to deceive others, especially for fraudulent gain (e.g. That man is an impostor).Synonyms: quack, mountebank, charlatan, bogus, fraud |
| imprecation | /ˌɪmprɪˈkeɪʃən/ | 咒语 | (noun): A spoken curse (e.g. She hurled her imprecations at anyone who might be listening).Synonyms: execration, malediction, anathemaAntonyms: benediction, benison |
| impregnable | /ɪmˈpreɡnəbl/ | 坚不可摧的 | (adjective): Unconquerable; a fortified position that cannot be captured or broken into (e.g. The prison was built like an impregnable fortress).Synonym: invincibleAntonym: vulnerable |
| impropriety | /ˌɪmprəˈpraɪətɪ/ | 不当行为 | (noun): A failure to observe standards or show due honesty or modesty; an improper act (e.g. There are no demonstrable legal improprieties that we can act on in this case).Synonyms: indecency, indecorumAntonym: amenity |
| improvident | /ɪmˈprɒvɪdənt/ | 缺乏远见的 | (adjective): Not having or showing foresight; not providing for future needs; thoughtless (e.g. Improvident and undisciplined behaviour is unelectable at this school).Synonyms: prodigal, shiftless |
| impugn | /ɪmˈpjuːn/ | 置疑 | (verb): To attack or criticize as false; to dispute the truth, validity, or honesty of a statement (e.g. Defence lawyers will look for inconsistencies in the documents presented to the courts as they try to impugn their plaintiffs claims). |
| incarcerate | /ɪnˈkɑːsəreɪt/ | 关押 | (verb): To imprison imprison or confine (e.g. They were incarcerated for a crime that they did not commit).Synonyms: intern, immureAntonyms: emancipate, enfranchise |
| incisive | /ɪnˈsaɪsɪv/ | 头脑敏锐的 | (adjective): Intelligently analytical and clear thinking (e.g. She was an incisive critic).Synonyms: sarcastic, mordant, trenchant, acute |
| incognito | /ɪnˈkɒɡnɪtəʊ/ | 化名的,化名地 | (adjective/adverb): Having one’s true identity concealed (e.g. The spy traveled the wold incognito). |
| incontrovertible | /ˈɪnkɒntrəˈvɜːtəbl/ | 无可争辩的 | (adjective): Not able to be denied or disputed: (e.g. This evidence is incontrovertible).Synonyms: irrefutable, -indubitable |
| increment | /ˈɪnkrɪmənt/ | 加薪 | (noun): An increase or addition, especially one of a series on a fixed scale (e.g. Our company offers yearly salary increments).Synonym: accrual |
| incumbent | /ɪnˈkʌmbənt/ | 迫切的 | (adjective): Obligatory; beginning necessary for someone to take responsibility for something (e.g. It is incumbent on all decent people to concentrate on destroying this evil).Synonyms: mandatory, imperative |
| indefatigable | /ˌɪndɪˈfætɪɡəbl/ | 不知疲倦的 | (adjective): Untiring; a person persisting tirelessly (e.g. Her coworkers described her as an indefatigable worker who deserved the promotion more than any of the other candidates).Synonyms: unflagging, unremitting, persevering |
| indigenous | /ɪnˈdɪdʒɪnəs/ | 当地的 | (adjective): Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native (e.g. Rice is indigenous to China).Synonyms: innate, inborn |
| indomitable | /ɪnˈdɒmɪtəbl/ | 坚定的 | (adjective): Stubborn in determination; indomitable (e.g. She is a woman of indomitable spirit who will not be swayed by her male colleagues).Synonyms: insuperable, irrepressible, invincible, unyieldingAntonyms: tractable, amenable, docile, submissive |
| inference | /ˈɪnfərəns/ | 推断 | (noun): A conclusion reached by reasoning from data or premises (e.g. The teacher asked the students to make an inference based on the information that was available).Synonyms: deduction, implication |
| ingenious | /ɪnˈdʒiːnjəs/ | 精巧的，设计独特的 | (adjective): Demonstrating originality, skill, or resourcefulness (e.g. The company is known for its ingenious devices).Synonyms: dextrous, inventive, adroitAntonyms: maladroit, gauche |
| ingenuous | /ɪnˈdʒenjʊəs/ | 天真的 | (adjective): Simple and straightforward; concealing nothing (e.g It was criticized for being an ingenuous plan that anyone could see through).Synonyms: unsophisticated, naive, candidAntonym: sophisticated |
| ingratiate | /ɪnˈɡreɪʃɪeɪt/ | 讨好 | (verb): To win another’s favour or good opinion (e.g. The city councillor tried to ingratiate themselves with certain officials in congress). |
| inhibit | /ɪnˈhɪbɪt/ | 抑制 | (verb): To hinder, restrain, or prevent (e.g. Cold weather inhibits healthy plant growth).Synonyms: restrain, curbAntonym: promote |
| innocuous | /ɪˈnɒkjʊəs/ | 无意冒犯的 | (adjective): Something that is not harmful or offensive (e.g. It was an innocuous question). |
| innuendo | /ˌɪnjuːˈendəʊ/ | 暗示 | (noun): An allusive or oblique remark or hint, typically a suggestive or disparaging one (e.g. She is always making sly innuendoes behind her friends’ back).Synonyms: insinuate |
| inordinate | /ɪˈnɔːdɪnɪt/ | 超出合理限度的 | (adjective): Excessive; unusually or disproportionately large (e.g. The case had taken up an inordinate amount of time).Synonyms: immoderate, intemperate, extravagant |
| insatiable | /ɪnˈseɪʃjəbl/ | 贪得无厌的 | (adjective): Unable to be satisfied (e.g. The candidate had an insatiable hunger for success).Synonyms. unappeasable, unquenchable, insatiate |
| inscrutable | /ɪnˈskruːtəbl/ | 难以捉摸的 | (adjective): Impossible to understand or interpret (e.g. Mona Lisa’s inscrutable smile has fascinated art historians for years).Synonyms: unfathomable, cryptic, enigmatic |
| insidious | /ɪnˈsɪdɪəs/ | 潜伏的 | (adjective): Working secretly; proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effect (e.g. Sexually transmitted diseases can be insidious and sometimes without symptoms).Synonyms: wily, crafty, furtive, treacherous, artful, guileful perfidious |
| instigate | /ˈɪnstɪɡeɪt/ | 进行 | (verb): To stir up; to instigate (e.g. The insurgent instigated discontent amongst the enemy soldiers).Synonyms: foment, incite |
| integrity | /ɪnˈteɡrɪtɪ/ | 正直 | (noun): The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; moral soundness (e.g. He is known to be a man of integrity).Synonyms: probity, uprightness, incorruptibility |
| inveigh | /ɪnˈveɪ/ | 痛斥 | (verb): To speak or write about something bitterly or with great hostility (e.g. American nationalists inveighed against the loyalist who worked with the British during the Civil War).Synonyms: rail, denounce, fulminate, vituperate |
| irascible | /ɪˈræsɪbl/ | 易怒的 | (adjective): Easily angered (e.g. He was an irascible man).Synonyms: choleric, petulant, testy, peevish, splenetic, touchyAntonyms: placid, equable |
| ire | /ˈaɪə/ | 愤怒 | (noun): Anger (e.g. The economic development plan provoked the ire of many of the conservationists party members).Synonyms: resentment; (adj.) irate, incensed |
| irksome | /ˈɜːksəm/ | 令人厌烦的 | (adjective ): Tedious, irritating, annoying (e.g. Cleaning the toilets is an irksome task that none of the janitors liked doing). |
| itinerant | /ɪˈtɪnərənt/ | 巡回的 | (adjective): Traveling from place to place; wandering (e.g. The story ‘Death of a Salesman’ by Arthur Miller is about an itinerant salesman who returns to his home in Brooklyn).Synonym: nomadic |
| jargon | /ˈdʒɑːɡən/ | 行话 | (noun): specialized language concerned with a particular subject, culture, or profession (e.g. The client asked their lawyer not to speak in legal jargon).Synonyms: gibberish, argot |
| jaunty | /ˈdʒɔːntɪ/ | 得意扬扬的 | (adjective): Having or expressing a lively, cheerful, and self confident manner (e.g. You can tell who the runway models are by their jaunty step).Synonyms: sprightly, airy, gay, nonchalant, debonairAntonyms: somber, staid |
| jeopardy | /ˈdʒepədɪ/ | 危险 | (noun): Danger of loss, harm, or failure (e.g. His job was in jeopardy because of corporate restructuring within the company).Synonyms: hazard, peril |
| jettison | /ˈdʒetɪsn/ | 丢弃 | (verb): To throw away or disregard; to eject something from an aircraft or ship (e.g. The Republicans jettisoned their old candidates because they were a political liability). |
| judicious | /dʒuːˈdɪʃəs/ | 审慎的 | (adjective): Wise; having, showing, or done with good judgment or sense (e.g. They were judicious parents).Synonyms: discreet, politic, discerning |
| ken | /ken/ | 洞悉 | (noun): One’s range of knowledge or sight (e.g. It was something that was beyond our ken).Synonym: insight |
| labyrinth | /ˈlæbərɪnθ/ | 迷宫 | (noun): A structure or intricate passage out of which it is difficult to find one’s way (also applied to spiritual and intellectual complexities) (e.g. It is easy to get confused when presented with a labyrinth of intellectual discussions).Synonym: maze |
| laconic | /ləˈkɒnɪk/ | 简洁的 | (adjective): Using very few words (e.g. It was a laconic reply that spoke volumes).Synonyms: concise, pithy, terse, succinct, taciturn, reticentAntonyms: verbose, prolix, redundant, diffuse, tautological, turgid, garrulous, voluble |
| larceny | /ˈlɑːsənɪ/ | 盗窃罪 | (noun): Theft of personal property (e.g. They were charged with grand larceny and sentenced to 20 years in prison without the chance of parol). |
| latent | /ˈleɪtənt/ | 潜在的 | (adjective): A quality or state present but not fully developed; hidden (e.g. The actor had a latent talent that revealed itself with time).Synonyms: dormant, quiescent, covert, potentialAntonyms: apparent, patent |
| lavish | /ˈlævɪʃ/ | 大方的 | (adjective): Sumptuously rich, elaborate, or luxurious (e.g. It was a lavish party).Synonyms: prodigal, munificent, magnanimous.Antonyms: parsimonious, niggardly, frugal, penurious |
| lethal | /ˈliːθəl/ | 致命的 | (adjective): Deadly; sufficient to cause death (e.g. Guns are lethal weapons).Synonyms: mortal, fatal |
| longevity | /lɒnˈdʒevɪtɪ/ | 长寿 | (noun): A prolonged duration of life (e.g. The expensive batteries generally have a greater longevity when compared to the generic brand). |
| lucid | /ˈluːsɪd/ | 明白易懂的 | (adjective): Expressed clearly; easy to understand; transparent (e.g. The teacher provided a lucid explanation of a difficult text).Synonyms: pellucid, perspicuous, intelligible, limpid, luminous, translucentAntonyms: abstruse, obscure |
| ludicrous | /ˈluːdɪkrəs/ | 荒唐可笑的 | (adjective): Used to describe something that is foolish, unreasonable, or out of place (e.g. What a ludicrous remark).Synonyms: mirthful, droll, comical, absurdAntonyms: doleful, lugubrious, dismal |
| luminary | /ˈluːmɪnərɪ/ | 杰出人物 | (noun): A person who inspires or influences others (e.g. They went on to become one of the great luminaries of child psychiatry). |
| machiavellian | /ˌmækɪəˈvelɪən/ | 阴险狡诈的 | (adjective): Sacrificing moral principles in order to attain power; politically cunning (e.g. He wanted to win so badly that he was comfortable with executing such a machiavellian plan).Synonym: unscrupulous |
| malicious | /məˈlɪʃəs/ | 怀有恶意的 | (adjective): Characterized by malice; deliberate ill-will or spite (e.g. You need to be careful of malicious software such as computer viruses).Synonyms: rancorous, malignant, malevolent, virulent, vindictiveAntonym: benign |
| masquerade | /ˌmæskəˈreɪd/ | 化装舞会 假扮 | (noun): A disguise; a false show or pretence; a group of people in disguise or fancy costumes (e.g. Everyone wore elaborate masks to the masqueraded party). (verb): To assume a deceptive appearance or character (e.g. The thief was masquerading as an honest man to avoid suspicion). |
| maudlin | /ˈmɔːdlɪn/ | 伤感的 | (adjective): Sentimental to the point of tears (e.g. He turned maudlin at the mention of his lost dog).Synonym : mawkish, lachrymose |
| meander | /mɪˈændə/ | 迂回曲折 | (verb): To walk or talk aimlessly (e.g. Sometimes I like to meandered through the town and look into random shop windows), or (e.g. Sometimes I meander on about nothing).Synonym: ramble |
| mediocre | /ˈmiːdɪəʊkə/ | 普通的 | (adjective): Average in quality (e.g. The movie was a mediocre rendition of a great novel). |
| mercenary | /ˈmɜːsɪnərɪ/ | 唯利是图者 唯利是图的 | (noun): A person primarily concerned with material reward, usually a professional soldier hired to serve in a foreign army (e.g. He was a mercenary with no honour or loyalty). (adjective): Acting solely from a consideration of reward or profit; primarily concerned with making money at the expense of ethics (e.g. He was actuated by a mercenary motive).Synonym: venal |
| meretricious | /ˌmerɪˈtrɪʃəs/ | 华而不实的 | (adjective): Apparently attractive but having in reality no value or integrity (e.g. The factory only made meretricious souvenirs meant for tourists who wanted to buy inexpensive gifts for their friends and family).Synonyms: tawdry, specious |
| meticulous | /mɪˈtɪkjʊləs/ | 非常仔细的 | (adjective): Fussy about minute details; showing great attention to small details (e.g. He is so meticulous about work matters).Synonyms: fastidious, punctilious, finical, methodicalAntonyms: desultory, perfunctory, slovenly |
| mettle | /ˈmetl/ | 奋斗精神 | (noun): A person’s ability to cope well with difficulties or to face a demanding situation in a spirited and resilient way; spirit (e.g. The team showed their true mettle in the second half of the game).Synonyms: temperament, ardor |
| microcosm | /ˈmaɪkrəʊkɒzm/ | 缩影 | (noun): A community, place, or situation regarded as encapsulating in miniature the characteristic qualities or features of something much larger (e.g. The Shanghai market place is a microcosm of the Chinese economy).Antonym: macrocosm |
| mimic | /ˈmɪmɪk/ | 模仿 | (verb): To make fun of or copy by imitating (e.g. The comedian mimicked the amusing idiosyncrasies of an infamousness politician throughout their political charged act). |
| misanthropic | /ˌmɪzənˈθrɒpɪk/ | 厌恶人类的 | (adjective): Hating or distrusting mankind (e.g. Some people just have a misanthropic personality and will continue to be cruel no matter how nice you are to them).Antonyms: philanthropic, altruistic |
| misnomer | /ˈmɪsˈnəʊmə/ | 不恰当的用词 | (noun): A wrong or inaccurate name or designation (e.g. To call him a brave man is really a misnomer). |
| monologue | /ˈmɒnəlɒɡ/ | 独白 | (noun): A long speech by one actor in a play or movie (e.g. The actor did an amazing job during an epic and dramatic monologue part way through the play).Synonym: soliloquyAntonyms: colloquy (adj. colloquial): conversation between two or more persons; dialogue: conversation between two persons |
| morose | /məˈrəʊs/ | 阴郁的 | (adjective): Used to describe someone that is gloomy, ill-humoured, or ill-tempered (e.g. He was shunned because of his morose temper).Synonyms: sulky, crabbed, sullen, splenetic, saturnineAntonyms: blithe, genial |
| motley | /ˈmɒtlɪ/ | 混杂的 | (adjective): Used to describe something that is incongruously varied in appearance or character; essentially different in kind (e.g. It was a motley costume that was thrown together from scraps of costumes that had been long since forgotten).Synonyms: checkered (referring to a varied career), piebald, variegated, diverse, heterogeneousAntonym: homogeneous |
| mottled | /ˈmɒtld/ | 杂色斑驳的 | (noun): Spotted or streaked with varied colours (e.g. The farmers cart was pulled by a mottled pony).Synonyms: blotched, dappled |
| mundane | /ˈmʌndeɪn/ | 平凡的 | (adjective): Used to describe something is earthly rather than a heavenly or spiritual one, or something that is lacking interest or excitement (e.g. Joe was seeking a way out of his mundane and meaningless existence).Synonyms: earthly, terrestrial, secular, temporal |
| murky | /ˈmɜːkɪ/ | 黑暗的 | (adjective): Used to describe something that is dark and gloomy, murky, or cloudy (e.g. They found a murky passageway hidden behind the mirror).Synonyms: dismal, tenebrous, fuliginousAntonyms: resplendent, glowing, lustrous, luminous, fulgent, coruscating |
| mutable | /ˈmjuːtəbl/ | 可变的 | (adjective): Given to frequent change in nature, mood, or form (e.g. Youth is said to be fickle and mutable.).Synonyms: vacillating, fickle, inconstant, fitful, mercurial, wavering, capriciousAntonyms: constant, steady |
| myriad | /ˈmɪrɪəd/ | 无数 | (noun): Innumerable, something that countless or extremely great number (e.g. John gazed endlessly at a myriad of stars in the sky). |
| nautical | /ˈnɔːtɪkəl/ | 航海的 | (adjective): Pertaining to ships or navigation (e.g. The captain grabbed several nautical charts to show his crew how sailors used to navigate before they had GPS units).Synonyms: marine, naval, maritime |
| nettle | /ˈnetl/ | 激怒 | (verb): To irritate or provoke (e.g. The actor was nettled by the critics’ reviews of her performance).Synonyms: vex, pique, goad |
| nocturnal | /nɒkˈtɜːnl/ | 夜间的 | (adjective): Pertaining to, or occurring at night (e.g. Most owls are nocturnal predatory birds).Antonym: diurnal |
| noisome | /ˈnɔɪsəm/ | 令人讨厌的 | (adjective): Having an extremely offensive smell (e.g. The swamp gave off a noisome odour).Synonyms: malodorous, fetid, disgusting; noxious, deleteriousAntonym: salubrious |
| nonchalant | /ˈnɒnʃələnt/ | 漠不关心的 | (adjective): Unmoved or indifferent; feeling or appearing casually calm and relaxed; not displaying anxiety (e.g. The CEO reacted to the news in a nonchalant manner).Synonym: apatheticAntonyms: enthusiastic, zealous |
| nostalgia | /nɒstˈældʒɪə/ | 怀旧 | (noun): A sentimental longing or wistful affection for the past, typically for a period or place with happy personal associations (e.g. People are often overcome with nostalgia for things that remind them of their childhood). |
| notorious | /nəʊˈtɔːrɪəs/ | 臭名昭著的 | (adjective): Used to describe something that is famous or well known, typically for some bad quality or deed (e.g Beijing is notorious for its smog). |
| novice | /ˈnɒvɪs/ | 新手 | (noun): A person new to or inexperienced in a field or situation, a beginner (e.g. The young diplomate was a complete novice in dealing with issues pertaining to foreign affairs).Synonyms: tyro, neophyteAntonym: virtuoso |
| obdurate | /ˈɒbdjʊrɪt/ | 固执的 | (adjective): Stubbornly refusing to change one’s opinion or course of action; stubborn (e.g. They have an obdurate resolve that cannot be swayed by any logical argument).Synonyms: adamant, unyielding, inflexibleAntonyms: submissive, docile, compliant |
| oblivious | /əˈblɪvɪəs/ | 未察觉的 | (adjective): Not aware of or not concerned about what is happening around one; absent-minded (e.g. They were completely oblivious of what was happening all around them).Synonyms: unmindful, heedless, abstracted |
| obsession | /əbˈseʃən/ | 着迷 | (noun): A state of being where someone is obsessed with someone or something; a persistent feeling, idea, activity, etc., which dominates a person (e.g. Video games have become an unhealthy obsession for many young children).Synonyms: mania, infatuation (a foolish passion), monomania |
| obsolete | /ˈɒbsəliːt/ | 淘汰的 | (adjective): No longer in use (e.g. The safe disposal of obsolete computers is a major concern from many developed countries). Synonyms: archaic, antiquated |
| obtrusive | /əbˈtruːsɪv/ | 莽撞的，冒失的 | (adjective): Thrusting oneself or itself into undue prominence (e.g. He was obnoxiously obtrusive during the meeting).Synonyms: intrusive, aggressive |
| obviate | /ˈɒbvɪeɪt/ | 取消 | (verb): To prevent, dispose of, or make unnecessary by appropriate actions (e.g. It was a more than generous proposition which obviated the need for any further negotiations).Synonyms: preclude, forestall |
| omnipotent | /ɒmˈnɪpətənt/ | 无所不能的 | (adjective): Having unlimited power; able to do anything (e.g. The king was an omnipotent sovereign ruling over his nation with complete and unchallenged authority). |
| onus | /ˈəʊnəs/ | 职责 | (noun): Used to refer to something that is one’s duty or responsibility duty; obligation (e.g. He bore the onus of his office with dignity and pride). |
| ostensible | /ɒsˈtensəbl/ | 表面的 | (adjective): Used to describe something that appears to be true; however it may not necessarily turn (e.g. The delay processing of your application may have a deeper cause than the ostensible reason).Synonyms: professed, plausible (that is, appearing true, reasonable, or fair), specious |
| ostracize | /ˈɒstrəsaɪz/ | 排斥 | (verb): To exclude someone from a society or group; to banish; to exclude from public favour or privileges (e.g. He was a former politician who was ostracized by the general public for his corrupt and unethical policies).Synonym: outlaw |
| panacea | /ˌpænəˈsɪə/ | 万应药 | (noun): A solution or remedy for all difficulties or diseases (e.g. Many people seek a panacea to fix all of their problems in life rather than doing something to fix the certain problem).Synonym: nostrum |
| panegyric | /ˌpænɪˈdʒɪrɪk/ | 颂词 | (noun): A speech or writing of extravagant praise (e.g. The maid of honour delivered a beautiful panegyric at her friend’s wedding dinner).Synonyms: eulogy, adulation, tribute, laudation (adj. laudatory), encomiumAntonyms: censure, disparagement, derogation, castigation, depreciation |
| paradox | /ˈpærədɒks/ | 悖论 | (noun): A self -contradictory statement; a seemingly absurd or self-contradictory statement or proposition that when investigated or explained may prove to be well founded or true (e.g. It seamed to be a paradox, but after careful consideration he found that quitting his job would allow him to advance his career more than trying to get a promotion). Synonym: anomaly |
| paraphrase | /ˈpærəfreɪz/ | 解释 | (verb): To restate the meaning of a passage in other words (e.g. You can either quote or paraphrase literary texts when writing your essays). |
| parody | /ˈpærədɪ/ | 滑稽模仿作品 滑稽地模仿 | (noun): A humorous imitation of an author’s style and mannerisms (e.g. There are many parodies of classic movies being made nowadays). (verb): To produce a humorously exaggerated imitation of a writer, artist, or genre; to write a parody (e.g. The freelance writer parodied popular stories on their blog very well).Synonym: Mimic |
| pecuniary | /pɪˈkjuːnjərɪ/ | 金钱的 | (adjective): Pertaining to money (e.g. He admitted that he had obtained a pecuniary advantage over his rivals by deceiving his many donors).Synonyms; financial, fiscal, monetary |
| pedant | /ˈpedənt/ | 学究 | (noun): A person who makes an excessive or inappropriate display of learning; a person who adheres rigidly to book knowledge without regard to common sense (e.g. Our teacher is a pedant who is always glorifying their scholarly work instead of teaching meaningful lessons). |
| pensive | /ˈpensɪv/ | 沉思的 | (adjective): Engaged in, involving, or reflecting deep or serious thought (e.g. Do not disturb me; I am in a pensive mood right now).Synonyms: reflective, meditative, contemplative, musing |
| peremptory | /pəˈremptərɪ/ | 专横的 | (adjective): positive or assertive in speech, tone, manner, etc.; leaving no opportunity for denial or refusal (e.g. The judge gave a peremptory verdict on the matter).Synonyms: decisive, resolute, imperious, positive, dogmaticAntonyms: indecisive, tentative |
| pertinacious | /ˌpɜːtɪˈneɪʃəs/ | 固执的 | (adjective): Holding firmly to an opinion or a course of action (e.g. He worked with a pertinacious resistance to any form of interruption).Synonyms: obdurate, tenacious, persistent, persevering, intractable, inflexible |
| peruse | /pəˈruːz/ | 细读 | (verb): To read carefully (e.g I perused the letter at great length before I responded to it). |
| perverse | /pəˈvɜːs/ | 任性的 | (adjective): Willfully bent on doing the wrong thing (e.g. He is a perverse lad who always disobeys his parents).Synonyms: headstrong, froward, refractory, wayward, fractious |
| petrify | /ˈpetrɪfaɪ/ | 把…吓呆 | (verb): To become paralyzed with horror, fear, or surprise (e.g. They were petrified by the horrific nature of their captor).Synonyms: stupefy, stun, bewilder, amaze |
| plagiarism | /ˈpleɪdʒjərɪzm/ | 抄袭 | (noun): Adopting and reproducing, without acknowledgment, the writings or ideas of another and passing them off as one’s own (e.g. The student denied that there was any plagiarism in their essay). (verb): To take the work or an idea of someone else and pass it off as one’s own (e.g. The student denied that they had plagiarized anything in their essay). |
| platitude | /ˈplætɪtjuːd/ | 陈词滥调 | (noun): a remark or statement, especially one with a moral content, that has been used too often to be interesting or thoughtful (e.g. Don’t flatter me with false platitudes).Synonyms: bromide, truism, axiom |
| plebeian | /plɪˈbiːən/ | 平民的 平民 | (adjective): Relating to, or characteristic of the common people who lack refinement (e.g. Peasants have such plebeian tastes). (noun): Pertaining to the common people; relating to, or belonging to the ancient Roman plebs (e.g. Rome was built on the backs of plebeian works and slaves).Antonyms: patrician, aristocratic |
| poignant | /ˈpɔɪnənt/ | 酸楚的 | (adjective): Evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret (e.g. Old age is a poignant reminder of the passing of time). |
| ponderous | /ˈpɒndərəs/ | 行动迟缓的,沉闷的 | (adjective): Very heavy; clumsy; dull (e.g. It was a ponderous speech that bored the entire crowed). |
| precarious | /prɪˈkeərɪəs/ | 不稳固的 | (adjective): Uncertain or risky; not securely held or in position; dangerously likely to fall or collapse (e.g. Migrant workers earn a precarious livelihood). |
| precipitous | /prɪˈsɪpɪtəs/ | 陡峭的 | (adjective): Used to describe something that is dangerously high or steep (e.g. Many ships have been smashed against the precipitous cliffs of the North Atlantic coastline). |
| precocious | /prɪˈkəʊʃəs/ | 早熟的 | (adjective): Used to describe a child having developed certain abilities or proclivities at an earlier age than usual (e.g. He was a precocious and solitary boy.) |
| predatory | /ˈpredətərɪ/ | 食肉的 | (adjective): Preying on others; relating to or denoting an animal or animals preying naturally on others (e.g. The tiger is a predatory animal that is indigenous to the Asian subcontinent).Synonyms: predacious, looting, pillaging |
| predilection | /ˌpriːdɪˈlekʃən/ | 偏爱 | (noun): Partiality or preference for; a favourable opinion arrived at beforehand (e.g. I have predilection for Asian food).Synonyms: prepossession, proclivity, predisposition, penchantAntonyms: aversion, antipathy, repugnance |
| prelude | /ˈpreljuːd/ | 前奏 | (noun): An introduction, forerunner, or preliminary step (e.g That was just the prelude to the actual play).Synonyms: preface, prologue, preamble.Antonym: epilogue |
| prerogative | /prɪˈrɒɡətɪv/ | 特权 | (noun): A privilege or power attaching to a position (e.g. If the President decides that he needs a new diplomatic team, that is his prerogative).Synonym: license |
| prestige | /presˈtiːʒ/ | 威望 | (noun): widespread respect and admiration felt for someone or something on the basis of a perception of their achievements or quality (e.g. She experienced a tremendous increase in prestige following her victory).Synonym: distinction |
| presumption | /prɪˈzʌmpʃən/ | 假定 | (noun): An idea that is taken to be true, and often used as the basis for other ideas, although it is not known for certain (e.g. There are many presumptions about human nature).Synonyms: effrontery, forwardness, arrogance |
| prevaricate | /prɪˈværɪkeɪt/ | 搪塞 | (verb): To disguise or conceal the truth to lie (e.g. Politicians will often prevaricate when journalists ask pointed questions).Synonyms: quibble, equivocate; (adj.) mendaciousAntonyms: (noun) veracity, verity; (adj.) forthright |
| procrastinate | /prəʊˈkræstɪneɪt/ | 拖延 | (verb): To postpone or put off to another time (e.g. It won’t be this price for long, so don’t procrastinate).Synonyms: defer, delay |
| prognosticate | /prəɡˈnɒstɪkeɪt/ | 预测 | (verb): To forecast (e.g. Many economists were prognosticating the collapse of the financial markets long before it actually happened).Synonyms: presage, portend, augur, forebode |
| proletariat | /ˌprəʊlɪˈteərɪət/ | 无产阶级 | (noun): workers or working-class people, regarded collectively often used with reference to Marxism (e.g. The revolution promised the demise of inequality through the growth of the industrial proletariat). |
| promontory | /ˈprɒməntrɪ/ | 岬（角） | (noun): A point of high land that juts out into a large body of water (e.g. The captain feared that strong currents were pushing the ship dangerously close to an imposing promontory).Synonyms: headland, precipice |
| promulgate | /ˈprɒməlɡeɪt/ | 宣传 | (verb): To publish, proclaim, or promote an idea or cause (e.g. Our corporate objectives have to be promulgated throughout the entire organization).Synonym: disseminate |
| provisional | /prəˈvɪʒənl/ | 临时的 | (adjective): Temporary; for the time being; arranged or existing for the present, possibly to be changed later (e.g. We need provisional plan of action until a permanent decision can be mutually agreed upon).Synonym: tentative |
| proximity | /prɒkˈsɪmɪtɪ/ | 接近 | (noun): Nearness in space, time, or relationship (e.g. Many people like to work in close proximity to their homes).Synonyms :propinquity, vicinityAntonym: remoteness |
| pseudonym | /ˈpsjuːdənɪm/ | 假名 | (noun): A false name assumed by a writer (e.g. The author could not have been seeking fame because they used a pseudonym to hide their true identity).Synonyms: alias, pen name, nom de plume |
| punitive | /ˈpjuːnɪtɪv/ | 惩罚性的 | (adjective): Inflicting, or concerned with, punishment (e.g. The army used punitive measures to insure that order and discipline was maintained at all times in the barracks). |
| quash | /kwɒʃ/ | 撤销 | (verb): Reject or void, especially by legal procedure (e.g The chancellor vowed to quash the rebellion swiftly).Synonyms: suppress, extinguish, quell; annul |
| querulous | /ˈkwerʊləs/ | 抱怨的 | (adjective): Complaining in a petulant or whining manner (e.g. Her querulous nature estranged many people).Synonyms: fretful, whining, captious, carping, peevish, petulantAntonym: affable |
| quixotic | /kwɪkˈsɒtɪk/ | 异想天开的 | (adjective): Extravagantly romantic or idealistic; highly impractical (e.g. I’m sorry but I think your idea is a quixotic scheme that will never materialize).Synonyms: utopian, visionary, fantastic |
| raconteur | /ˌrækɒnˈtɜː/ | 擅长讲故事的人 | (noun): A skilled storyteller (e.g The children were captivated by the teacher who was a superb raconteur). |
| radical | /ˈrædɪkəl/ | 激进的 | (noun): One who advocates extreme basic changes (e.g. The reform movement was led by a radical). (adjective): Relating to or affecting the fundamental nature of something; far-reaching or thorough (e.g. a radical overhaul of the existing regulatory framework).Antonym: conservative |
| ramification | /ˌræmɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ | 后果 | (noun): A consequence of an action or event, especially when complex or unwelcome (e.g. Any change is bound to have legal ramifications). |
| raze | /reɪz/ | 把…夷为平地 | (verb): To tear down completely; to completely destroy something (e.g. Many villages were razed during the war).Synonyms: levelAntonym: rear |
| recapitulate | /ˌriːkəˈpɪtjʊleɪt/ | 总结 | (verb): To restate in a brief, concise form; to sum up (e.g. After each presentation was finished the teacher asked each group to recapitulate the main idea of their presentation one more time for the class). |
| reciprocal | /rɪˈsɪprəkəl/ | 互惠的 | (adjective): Mutual; done in return for something received (e.g. She was hoping for a reciprocal comment or gesture in return). |
| recumbent | /rɪˈkʌmbənt/ | 躺着的 | (adjective): Lying down; leaning back or down (e.g. It is easier to rest in a recumbent position). |
| redolent | /ˈredəʊlənt/ | 有某物的强烈气味;使人联想或回想起某事物 | (adjective): Strongly reminiscent or suggestive of something (e.g. Their family name was redolent of history and tradition). |
| redoubtable | /rɪˈdaʊtəbl/ | 令人敬畏的 | (adjective): Commanding fear or respect (e.g. Lawyers are known to be redoubtable debaters).Synonym: formidable |
| refute | /rɪˈfjuːt/ | 驳斥 | (verb): To prove incorrect or false (e.g. The insurance agency indicated that the claims have been refuted by the examiner).Synonyms: rebut, confuteAntonyms: substantiate, confirm, corroborate |
| reiterate | /riːˈɪtəreɪt/ | 重申 | (verb): To repeat something several times (e.g. She reiterated that her administration would continue to support the art programs at the school despite the cutbacks). |
| remunerative | /rɪˈmjuːnərətɪv/ | 报酬丰厚的 | (adjective): Profitable; financially rewarding; lucrative (e.g. Some people want a remunerative job after they graduate, while others are more concerned about doing something that they think is meaningful even if the pay isn’t all that good).Synonyms: lucrative, gainful |
| renegade | /ˈrenɪɡeɪd/ | 叛徒 | (noun): A person who deserts and betrays an organization, country, or set of principles (e.g. His former colleagues described him as a renegade who could not be trusted).Synonyms: turncoat, apostate, recreant, traitor |
| reprisal | /rɪˈpraɪzəl/ | 报复 | (noun): An act of retaliation; an injury inflicted in turn for one received (e.g. The commissioner confirmed that three more youths were killed as a result of ongoing gang reprisals in the city).Synonym: retaliation |
| resentment | /rɪˈzentmənt/ | 气愤 | (noun): Feeling of displeasure or indignation resulting from mistreatment or abuse (e.g. Lee showed a lot of resentment for what he considered to be an unfair demotion).Synonyms: umbrage, dudgeon, animosity |
| resilient | /rɪˈzɪlɪənt/ | 有弹性的 | (adjective): Used to describe a person or animal able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions; Elastic; light-hearted (e.g. Babies are generally far more resilient than new parents realize ).Synonyms: flexible, pliable, supple, limber |
| respite | /ˈrespaɪt/ | 喘息 | (noun): a short period of rest or relief from something difficult or unpleasant (e.g. Refugee camps are only meant to provide some respite but are not meant to be a permanent solution). |
| retribution | /ˌretrɪˈbjuːʃən/ | 惩罚 | (noun): The reward or punishment exacted for an injury, wickedness, or other action (e.g. People are seeking retribution for the terrroist outrage).Synonyms: requital, nemesis |
| retrieve | /rɪˈtriːv/ | 取回 | (verb): To get or bring something back; regain possession of (e.g. I was sent to retrieve some documents for the meeting today). |
| reverberate | /rɪˈvɜːbəreɪt/ | 回响 | (verb): To echo (e.g. The deep booming sound reverberated throughout the entire building).Synonym: resound |
| rudimentary | /ˌruːdɪˈmentərɪ/ | 早期的 | (adjective): In an early stage of development; involving or limited to basic principles (e.g. At the start of the year I only possessed only a rudimentary knowledge of physics).Synonym: incipient |
| rue | /ruː/ | 对…感到懊悔 | (verb): To be sorry for something: bitterly regret (something one has done or allowed to happen (e.g. He will rue the day he left college).Synonyms: regret, repent |
| sacrosanct | /ˈsækrəʊsæŋkt/ | 神圣不可改变的 | (adjective): Regarded as too important or valuable to be interfered with; to be very holy; a shrine (e.g. The individual’s right to work has been upheld as sacrosanct).Synonyms: consecrated, inviolable, hallowed |
| sagacious | /səˈɡeɪʃəs/ | 睿智的 | (adjective): Having or showing keen mental discernment and good judgment; wise (e.g. They were sagacious enough to avoid confrontations with others).Synonyms: perspicacious, astute, sapient, discerning, sage |
| sallow | /ˈsæləʊ/ | 灰黄的 | (adjective): Used to describe a person’s face or complexion if it has an unhealthy yellow or pale brown colour; sick (e.g. A sallow complexion is a sign of the infection).Synonym: pallidAntonyms: rubicund, ruddy, florid |
| sanctimonious | /ˌsæŋktɪˈməʊnjəs/ | 伪善的 | (adjective): Making a show of being morally superior to other people; pretending to be religious (e.g. What happened to all the sanctimonious talk about putting your family first?). |
| sanguinary | /ˈsæŋɡwɪnərɪ/ | 沾满血污的 | (adjective): involving or causing much bloodshed (e.g. There were sanguinary battles during the first and second World Wars).Synonym: gory |
| sanguine | /ˈsæŋɡwɪn/ | 乐观的 | (adjective): Of a hopeful disposition, especially in an apparently bad or difficult situation (e.g. He is sanguine about the future of the global economy).Synonyms: buoyant, ardent |
| sartorial | /sɑːˈtɔːrɪəl/ | 缝纫的 | (adjective): Pertaining to a tailor or clothes (e.g. The sartorial movement is starting to make a comeback). |
| satellite | /ˈsætəlaɪt/ | 卫星,卫星国 | (noun): A celestial body, natural or artificial, which revolves around a larger body, generally a planet (e.g. The moon is the only natural satellite of the earth, but in recent years it has been joined by many artificial satellites). (noun): A country influenced or controlled by another (e.g. Freedom is absent in satellite nations that are occupied by a foreign nation). |
| scintilla | /sɪnˈtɪlə/ | 一星半点 | (noun): A tiny trace or spark of a specified quality or feeling (e.g. I have a scintilla of doubt in regards to this proposal).Synonyms: iota; vestige |
| scourge | /skɜːdʒ/ | 鞭子，重惩 | (noun): A whip or other means of punishment; a cause of affliction (e.g. The Black Plague was a dreadful scourge of the Middle Ages). (verb): To punish severely; to afflict; to whip (e.g. The Black Plague was a disease that scourged the country during the Middle Ages).Synonyms: excoriate, flay |
| scrutinize | /ˈskruːtɪnaɪz/ | 仔细观察 | (verb): To examine or inspect something carefully (e.g. I will only sign the contract after I scrutinized every aspect of it). |
| shibboleth | /ˈʃɪbəleθ/ | 教条，准则 | (noun): A custom, principle, or belief distinguishing a particular class or group of people, especially a long-standing one regarded as outmoded or no longer important (e.g. We need to design a shibboleth to attract more votes). |
| simper | /ˈsɪmpə/ | 谄媚地笑 | (verb): To smile in a silly or affected way (e.g. He simpered as he greeted each guest). (noun): An affected or silly smile (e.g. He stood nervously with a simper on his face).Synonym: (verb and noun) smirk |
| sinecure | /ˈsaɪnɪkjʊə/ | 闲职 | (noun): A position requiring little or no work but giving the holder status or financial benefit (e.g. The boss gave his son a job which was nothing more than a sinecure). |
| sinister | /ˈsɪnɪstə/ | 邪恶的 | (adjective): Threatening or showing evil; dishonest (e.g. There was something sinister about them). |
| sleazy | /ˈsliːzɪ/ | 龌龊的 | (adjective): Used to describe a person or situation that is sordid, corrupt, or immoral (e.g. The business was owned by a sleazy person).Synonym: unsubstantial |
| slovenly | /ˈslʌvnlɪ/ | 邋遢的 | (adjective): Untidy, messy, or dirty (e.g. The teacher criticized the slovenly appearance of the student’s work).Synonyms: slipshod, slatternly, frowzy |
| soporific | /ˌsəpəˈrɪfɪk/ | 催眠的 | (adjective): Tending to induce drowsiness or sleep (e.g. The swaying motion of the train had a somewhat soporific effect). |
| sordid | /ˈsɔːdɪd/ | 卑劣的 | (adjective): Actions or motives that have moral distaste and contempt; mean (e.g. Sordid motives breed selfish actions).Synonyms: degraded, vile, ignoble |
| sovereign | /ˈsɒvrɪn/ | 元首 | (adjective): Supreme power and authority; independent of the control of any other government (e.g. They fought to become a sovereign state free of oppression).Synonyms: autonomous, imperial, majestic, paramount (noun): A supreme ruler, especially a monarch (e.g. He was a benevolent sovereign who was adored by his court). |
| sporadic | /spəˈrædɪk/ | 零星的 | (adjective): Occurring singly, at irregular intervals; scattered (e.g. There are sporadic cases of illness occurring throughout the hospital, perhaps we should investigate to see if there a contagion that we are unaware of). |
| spurn | /spɜːn/ | 轻蔑地拒绝 | (verb): To refuse or reject with contempt (e.g. It was an unfair offer that was spurned instantly).Synonyms: repel, snub |
| stoic | /ˈstəʊɪk/ | 坚忍的人 | (adjective): Indifferent, calm in bearing pain or pleasure; practising remarkable self-control over emotions (e.g. Please try to maintain a stoic attitude during the proceedings that will follow).Synonyms: stolid, impassive |
| stringent | /ˈstrɪndʒənt/ | 严格的 | (adjective): Strict; compelling, constraining (e.g. The new air pollution guidelines are far more stringent than they were before).Synonyms: exacting, rigidAntonym: lax |
| stupendous | /stjuːˈpendəs/ | 惊人的 | (adjective): Extremely impressive; something that amazing because of its immense size, force, or any quality in exceptional degree (e.g. The chariots races in ancient Rome were stupendous, but violent spectacles).Synonyms: astounding, prodigious, monstrous, marvellous, colossal, awful |
| succulent | /ˈsʌkjʊlənt/ | 鲜美多汁的 | (adjective): Used to describe food that is tender, juicy, and tasty (e.g. I would really like a succulent steak for dinner).Antonyms; desiccated, vapid |
| sultry | /ˈsʌltrɪ/ | 闷热的 | (adjective): Used to describe hot and humid air or weather (e.g. The South of China is known for its sultry tropical weather). |
| supine | /sjuːˈpaɪn/ | 仰卧的 | (adjective): Used to describe a person that is lying flat on their back (e.g. They were resting in a supine position).Antonym: erect (adjective): Inert, inactive, averse to taking action (e.g. Nobody likes to work for a supine and ineffective administrator).Synonyms: listless, torpid |
| tangible | /ˈtændʒəbl/ | 可触摸的 | (adjective): Something that is real; perceptible by touch; tangible gains which may be seen and counted (e.g. The atmosphere of neglect and abandonment was almost tangible).Synonyms: material, veritable, perceptible, substantial |
| tantamount | /ˈtæntəmaʊnt/ | 无异于的 | (adjective): Equivalent; virtually the same as (e.g. Desertion is an act that is tantamount to treason). |
| taunt | /tɔːnt/ | 奚落 | (noun): An insulting, jeering, or bitter remark (e.g. For years they suffered racist tauts). (verb): To reproach with contempt (e.g. They were taunted by their opponents).Synonyms: mock, twit, gibe, sneer, deride |
| teeming | /ˈtiːmɪŋ/ | 充满 | (verb): In abundance, fertile, highly productive (e.g. Due to the warm moist weather the Tropics are teeming with vegetation).Synonyms: swarming, fruitful, fecund, abounding |
| temerity | /tɪˈmerɪtɪ/ | 鲁莽 | (noun): Unwise or reckless boldness (e.g. They pushed into battle with thoughtless temerity).Synonyms: audacity, presumptuousness, effrontery, rashness, temerarious, foolhardy, venturesomeAntonyms: prudence, circumspection, wariness |
| temporal | /ˈtempərəl/ | 世俗的 | (adjective): Worldly, as opposed to spiritual; existing for a time only (e.g. Individuals consumed by greed are often preoccupied with temporal matters that they forget to enjoy life).Synonyms: mundane, secular, civil |
| temporize | /ˈtempəraɪz/ | 拖延时间 | (verb): To delay or refuse to commit oneself in order to gain time (e.g. The opportunity was lost because the mayor temporized).Synonym: equivocate |
| tenet | /ˈtiːnet/ | 信条 | (noun): A principle of belief that is held as being true; one of the main principles of a religion or philosophy (e.g. The commandment “thou shalt not kill” is a tenet that is common to many Western religions).Synonyms: creed, doctrine, dogma |
| tenuous | /ˈtenjʊəs/ | 纤细的 | (adjective): Slender; not substantial; of slight importance (e.g. The tenuous ratio between interest rates and an investment is almost criminal). |
| tranquil | /ˈtræŋkwɪl/ | 平静的 | (adjective): Free from disturbance; calm; peaceful (e.g. I would like to enjoy a tranquil vacation in some tropical paradise).Synonyms: placid, sereneAntonyms: perturbed, ruffled, turbulent |
| transgress | /trænsˈɡres/ | 违反 | (verb): To break a law or commandment; to violate a moral principle; to overstep a moral bound or limit (e.g. God shall punish all those who transgress the 10 commandments.). |
| tremulous | /ˈtremjʊləs/ | 颤抖的 | (adjective): shaking, quivering, or trembling (e.g. Shara’s voice was tremulous during the entire question and answer period).Synonym: quivering |
| trivial | /ˈtrɪvɪəl/ | 不重要的 | (adjective): Of little importance or value (e.g. The amount of money bing invested ion this project is trivial compared to the what the company as a whole is earning).Synonym: paltryAntonyms: gross, momentous |
| truculent | /ˈtrʌkjʊlənt/ | 爱争吵的 | (adjective): Eager or quick to argue or fight; aggressively defiant (e.g. His days of truculent defiance will soon be over). |
| turgid | /ˈtɜːdʒɪd/ | 浮夸的 | (adjective): swollen and distended, or congested (e.g. The Yangtze River is a turgid river that is critical to the Chinese economy).Synonyms: bloated, distended (adjective): Using big or impressive words (e.g. The teacher said that I wrote my reflection in a turgid style).Synonyms: pompous, bombastic, prolix |
| ubiquitous | /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/ | 普遍存在的 | (adjective): Existing, appearing, or found everywhere (e.g. The common cold is a ubiquitous in the winter season).Synonyms: omnipresent, universal |
| untenable | /ˈʌnˈtenəbl/ | 站不住脚的 | (adjective): Incapable of being defended or held (e.g. This argument is clearly untenable). |
| utilitarian | /ˌjuːtɪlɪˈteərɪən/ | 实用的 | (adjective): Used to describe something that is designed to be useful or practical rather than attractive or beautiful (e.g. The available options were very utilitarian and only came in two different colours). |
| vanquish | /ˈvæŋkwɪʃ/ | 彻底击败 | (verb): To subdue, conquer, or defeat (e.g. The zealots were vanquished from the kingdom). |
| vaunt | /vɔːnt/ | 吹嘘 | (verb): To boast or praise something excessively (e.g. The city proudly vaunted its redeveloped city centre in a new campaign that was designed to increase tourism).Synonyms: brag, proclaim |
| veneer | /vɪˈnɪə/ | 虚饰，镶板 | (noun): A superficial appearance or show designed to impress one with superiority; a thin decorative covering of fine wood applied to a coarser wood or other material (e.g. Elizabeth’s gaze quickly pierced through Mr. Darcy’s thin veneer of elegance).Synonym: gloss |
| venerable | /ˈvenərəbl/ | 令人敬佩的 | (adjective): Deserving respect or reverence because of age (e.g. She has become a venerable leader in our organization). |
| vernal | /ˈvɜːnl/ | 春季的 | (adjective): Pertaining to spring (e.g. Every year an array of vernal flowers is planted as a memorial to the soldiers that had died there).Antonym: hibernal (wintry) |
| versatile | /ˈvɜːsətaɪl/ | 有多种技能的 | (adjective): Able to do many things skillfully (e.g. They were versatile enough to play any position that the coach asked them to). |
| vicarious | /vaɪˈkeərɪəs/ | 间接感受到的 | (adjective): Taking the place of another; experienced in the imagination through the feelings or actions of another person (e.g. He took vicarious pleasure in his sister’s accomplishments). (adverb): Experienced through the actions of another person (e.g. He lived vicariously through his sister’s accomplishments). |
| virago | /vɪˈrɑːɡəʊ/ | 悍妇 | (noun): A scolding or ill-tempered woman (e.g. My neighbour’s wife is a virago).Synonyms: shrew, termagant, vixen |
| vituperate | /vɪˈtjuːpəreɪt/ | 斥责 | (verb): To scold or blame loudly, find fault with in abusive language (e.g He was an angry man who always vituperated his wife).Synonyms: berate, revile |
| waive | /weɪv/ | 放弃 | (verb): To give up privileges; to refrain from insisting on or using a right or claim; to do without (e.g. He will waive all rights to the money if he can see justice done).Synonyms: relinquish, forgo, forsake |
| whim | /wɪm/ | 突发奇想 | (noun): A sudden notion or passing fancy (e.g. She frequently acted on the whim of the moment).Synonyms: caprice, vagary, crotchet |
| writhe | /raɪð/ | 扭动 | (verb): To twist about in pain (e.g. The poison made him writhe in agony on the floor).Synonyms: contort, squirm |
| zealous | /ˈzeləs/ | 热情的 | (adjective): Full of enthusiasm or eagerness (e.g The council was extremely zealous in its application for regulatory change).Antonym: perfunctory |
| zenith | /ˈzenɪθ/ | 峰 | (noun): The time at which something is most powerful or successful (e.g. Under the reign of Justinian the Byzantine Empire reached its zenith).Synonyms: acme, apex, culmination, summitAntonym: nadir |